诽谤罪的合宪性解释

The Constitutional Explanation of Crime of Defamation

为防止"诽谤罪"沦为某些官员扼杀言论自由的利器,在司法实践中必须坚持合宪性解释。诽谤罪的实行行为是"散布虚假事实";当关涉公共事务时,诽谤罪的主观方面只能是直接故意,关涉个人隐私时,则也可以是间接故意。行为人批评政府机构而没有具体指明某人时,控方必须承担言论指涉到某人、言论内容虚假、行为人有直接故意等举证责任。

To prevent government officials using crime of defamation to limit speech freedom, we should insist on the constitutional explanation. The perpetrating act of this crime is spreading false information. The subjective aspect is direct intention when this information is about public affairs. If the information is only about personal affairs, the subjective aspect may include direct and indirect intention. When the actor criticizes the government but not the officials, this crime is undertaken the burden of proof by the prosecution, such as the relevance, the false information and the direct intention.