江苏盛泽农村老年高血压患病现况及危险因素调查

Prevalence and risk factors of essential hypertension in elderly population in Jiangsu Shengze rural area

目的调查江苏盛泽农村地区老年高血压患病率、治疗率、知晓率、控制率及相关危险因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法,随机抽取当地19个村≥60岁的全部居民进行现况调查,并根据性别、年龄分层从中随机抽取3181名居民进行配对病例对照研究,调查方法包括问卷调查、体格检查及血生化检查。结果该地区≥60岁人群高血压患病率达64.9%,高血压知晓率、治疗率及接受治疗患者血压控制率分别为73.5%、65.3%、53.4%。随着年龄的增长,高血压患病率逐渐升高(χ2=27.25,P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示吸烟(OR=1.197)、饮酒(OR=1.181)、超重与肥胖(OR=1.252),腹型肥胖(OR=1.651)、血糖异常(OR=1.461)、高尿酸血症(OR=1.826)、高三酰甘油血症(OR=1.371)、高胆固醇血症(OR=1.227)是高血压发病的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。结论江苏盛泽农村老年高血压患病率较高,治疗率、知晓率及控制率有待进一步提高,应通过健康宣教和规律体检进一步加强上述危险因素的防治。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of essential hypertension in elderly population of Jiangsu Shengze rural area. Methods All residents aged ≥60 from 19 villages of Shengze were surveyed by randomly cluster sampling, during which a questionnaire survey, physical examination and blood biochemical test were conducted. A case-control study of 3181 participants enrolled by stratified random sampling according to age and sex from the above mentioned population was carried out. Results The hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rate of elderly population in this area were 64.9%, 73.5%, 65.3%, 53.4%, respectively.The prevalence rate increased as the growth of age（X2 =27.25 ,P〈0.01 ）.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that smoking（ OR= 1. 197）, alcohol drinking（ OR= 1. 181）, overweight and obesity （ OR= 1. 252 ）, abdominal obesity （ OR= 1. 651 ）, hyperglycemia （ OR= 1. 461 ）, hyperuricemia （ OR = 1. 826）, hypertriglyceridemia （ OR = 1.371 ） and hypercholesteremia （ OR = 1. 227） were independent risk factors of hypertension （ P〈 0. 05）. Conclusions The prevalence rate of hypertension is high in elderly population of Shengze rural area. The hypertension awareness, treatment and control rate in this area need further improvement. Risk factors mentioned above should be strictly controlled and prevented through health education and regular physical examination.