复方卵黄油乳对家兔急性放射性皮肤损伤动物模型药效学实验研究

Pharmacodynamics of compound yolk oil emulsion for acute radiation injury of rabbit skin

目的探讨家兔急性放射性皮肤损伤动物模型的制造,并在模型上观察复方卵黄油乳对家兔急性放射性皮肤损伤动物模型的治疗作用,为临床使用该药提供理论依据。方法取左臀部脱毛家兔25只,均采用0.7%戊巴比妥钠麻醉,随机取出5只,作为A组(空白组)。剩余20只采用β-放射线在家兔脱毛皮肤上照射2次,总剂量60 Gy,随机分成B组(对照组)和C组(治疗组),每组10只。C组给予复方卵黄油乳4周,B组不给任何药物,然后进行肉眼观察和光镜观察,结果进行比较。结果肉眼观察到:A组家兔脱毛处皮肤均生长出毛发,毛和皮肤与周围一致;急性放射性皮肤损伤症状C组较B组症状轻、少,且B组家兔中,9只出现Ⅱ级及以上放射性皮肤损伤反应表现;C组家兔中,3只出现Ⅱ级及以上急性放射性皮肤损伤反应,2组比较P<0.01。光镜观察到:B组家兔组织可见部分表皮细胞变性坏死,较多散在中性粒细胞,毛囊结构明显减少,未见生长初期毛囊,薄壁血管少见;C组可见较多生长初期毛囊,薄壁血管较丰富与空白组接近。结论该方法可用于Ⅱ级急性放射性皮肤损伤家兔模型制造;复方卵黄油乳对家兔急性放射性皮肤损伤有较好的治疗作用。

Objective To establish rabbit model of acute radiation skin injury and to observe the effect of compound yolk oil emulsion on acute radiation injury of rabbit skin. Methods Totally 25 left hip unhairing rabbits were anesthesiazed by 0.7% pentobarbital. We randomly chose 5 rabbits as the blank group（group A）, and the others exposed under β-radiation, twice a day with total dose 60 Gy were divided as a control group（group B, n = 10） and a treatment group（group C, n = 10）. The rabbits in C group were given compound yolk oil emulsion for 4 weeks, and no medication for the control group. We observed the results with naked eye and light microscope. Results Naked eye observation： Hair on unhairing skin in group A was growing, and the same for the surrounding hair and skin. Reaction symptoms of the rabbits with acute radioactive skin injury in group C were lighter and fewer than those in group B, and 9 rabbits in group B showed above Ⅱ degree radiation injury of skin reaction, while 3 rabbits in group C showed above Ⅱ degree radiation injury of skin reaction（ P〈 0.01）. Light microscopy observation： Part epidermal cell degeneration and necrosis were seen in the rabbit tissue in the control group, scattering in neutrophil granulocytes. Hair follicle structure was obviously decreased, indicating no early growth stage hair follicle and rare thin wall vessels. In group C, there were many early growth stage hair follicles and thin wall vessels similar to those of the blank group. Conclusion This method can establish grade Ⅱ acute radiation injury of rabbit skin model. Compound yolk oil emulsion is effective for acute radiation injury of the skin.