粮食生产中化肥利用率的测算及其决定因素分析

Measure of Chemical Fertiliser Utilization Rate in Grain Production and Its Determinants

利用粮食种植户的生产经营调查数据,运用DEA模型测算了种植户粮食种植的化肥利用率,并利用Tobit模型分析了在粮食生产中提高化肥利用率的途径。结果显示:冬小麦-夏玉米种植体系、冬小麦种植和夏玉米种植的生产效率和化肥利用率都存在省际差异和品种差异;户主是村干部时的化肥利用率比户主不是村干部时的化肥使用率要高;灌溉次数越多越容易造成化肥损失;土地条件对不同粮食作物的化肥使用率的作用方向不同。提出:要提高粮食种植户的化肥利用率,需要增强农户化肥投入的科学合理性、提升农民的种植水平、加强科学和合理施用化肥的宣传。

Using the survey data of grain farmers in Hebei,Shandong and Henan,this paper measures the chemical fertiliser utilization rates of grain farmers by using the DEA model, and analyzes the way to enhance the chemical fertiliser utilization rate in grain production by using Tobit model. The result shows as follows：there exist provincial difference and species difference in production efficiency and chemical fertiliser utiliza- tion rate between winter wheat--summer maize system, and winter wheat and summer maize;If the householder is village cadre, his chemical fer- tiliser utilization rate is high,conversely low; the loss of fertilizer increases as the amount of irrigation increases;the role directions of land condi- tion on different grain crops are different. Finally,it suggests that,in order to increase chemical fertiliser utilization rates of grain farmers, the scientificalness and the rationality of fertiliser input of grain farmers should be enhanced, production ability should be improved.