发展权概念的经济理论渊源

The Origin of the Development Rights in Economic Theories

发展权概念是发展中国家在争取建立国际经济新秩序斗争中提出的一项人权新概念,它既是一项个人人权,也是一项集体人权。对于发展权概念的这种特性,发达国家与发展中国家之间存在着很大的分歧,这种分歧与发展权概念形成的经济理论根源息息相关。拉美结构主义揭示了发达国家与发展中国家之间不平等国际分工及其对后者的不利影响;依附理论则认为,发展中国家在资本主义世界经济体系下必然处于被剥削和被控制的依附性地位,难以获得发展。这两种经济理论实际上是发展中国家争取建立国际经济新秩序的理论基础,它们的传播和影响推动了发展权概念的产生。

The concept of development rights arises when developing countries are endeavoring to establish a new international economic order. It is a new concept within the domain of human rights, and is at once a part of individual human rights and a part of collective human rights. This special feature arouses great dispute between developed countries and developing countries, a dispute that is strongly rooted in the ground of economic theories upon which the concept of development rights is constructed. Latin American Structuralism uncovers the unequal international division of labor between developed and developing countries and its adverse effects upon the latter. However, Dependency Theory believes that developing countries in the global capitalist economic system are destined to be assigned a subordinating position that will be controlled and exploited and cannot really get the chance to develop. These two economic theories are in fact the theoretical basis upon which developing countries strive to establish a new international economic order.The spread and the impacts of these two theories also help to bring about the concept of development rights.