毛泽东研究中“辉格”解释的反思——从对“大跃进”的考问说起

Reflection on the “Whig Explanation” in the Study of Mao Zedong- Beginning with the Questioning on the “Great Leap Forward”

在关于毛泽东的研究中,诸论驰说,争讼不断。如果过分拘泥于往事中的细枝末节,那断然没有出路。事件研究图取深入,问题解释欲成共识,必须从历史唯物主义高度审视这些研究和解释的方法本身。由此,笔者比对曾流行西方的历史之"辉格"解释方式,发现它们竟深刻而又多方面地表现在某些人对毛泽东及其经手的那段建国史无原则的非议与批判中。基于此,笔者以"大跃进"事件为平台,将"辉格"解释方式、非毛的偏颇之论和还原于历史真实的毛泽东之评说三者联系起来综合审视,借以厘清某些不当之议,以忠于历史的唯物主义态度对待和解释历史。

There has been great disagreement among scholars in the study of Mao Zedong. This paper maintains that we can't move forward in our study if we stick too much to each and every meticulous detail in history.If we desire to further our study and reach an agreement,we should scrutinize related studies and its methods of interpretation from the perspective of historical materialism. By conducting a comparative study on Whig which was once popular for interpreting history in the West,the author finds that such method have been used uncritically in the negation and criticism of Mao Zedong and the history of the establishment of People's Republic of China. The author tries to have a comprehensive examination of the 'Great Leap Forward,'which compares the interpreting method of the Whig explanation,bias towards Mao Zedong,and an evaluation of Mao Zedong based on historical facts,with a hope to clarify on certain inappropriate comments and maintain a perspective of historical materialism in the treatment of history.