美国“要素学校联盟”课堂实践初探

The Preliminary Study of Classroom Practice of Coalition of Essential Schools in the US

"要素学校联盟"是创建于1984年的学校联合体,是美国当代进步主义取向教育改革的代表。它提出了十项教育原则和十四项实践基准,并在这一架构下实施了课程与教学改革:精心设置学校课程和编制教学单元;重视"要素问题"的开发和设计;倡导课程的多样化形态;推行跨学科课程;以学生为中心开展教与学活动;确立教学所要达到的能力目标和层次;鼓励学生小组合作学习;实施表现本位的教学评价。"要素学校联盟"具有不同于20世纪上半期进步主义的特点,我们在学习借鉴时也应当注意一些具体问题。

The Coalition of Essential Schools is a representative of education reform based contemporary progressivism in America, which was founded in 1984. It puts forward the ten principles and 14 categories of education and its practice. Under this, American schools implement the curriculum and education reform. It is necessary to design school curriculum and teaching unit elaborately. The development and design of the ＂ essential questions＂ deserve attention. Schools need to advocate the diversification of curriculum form and promote inter-disciplinary courses. Learning and teaching activities should be implemented as student-centered. Teaching objective and different levels should be established. Teachers need to encourage cooperative learning in groups and enforce the performance-based teaching evaluation. There are some differences between the schools of Coalition of Essential Schools and schools of progressive in the first half of the 20th century. We should pay attention to some specific issues if we want to learn from their experience.