高校教师工作与科研时间的性别差异及其中介效应分析——基于全国科技工作者状况调查数据

Analysis of the GenderSex Differences in Working Time and Research Time of University Faculty and Its Mediation Effect——Based on the Statistics of National Survey of Scientists

本文利用2011年"我国科技工作者的时间利用状况调查"数据,通过多元线性回归模型,探究造成高校教师工作时间尤其是科研时间性别差异的重要原因。分析结果表明:第一,高校教师不仅在教学、科研和总工作时间上存在性别差异,而且在睡眠、家务劳动这些非工作时间上也存在性别差异,这些差异在控制了年龄、婚育、学历、职称、机构类型的情况下依然显著存在;第二,非工作时间尤其是家务劳动时间的性别差异,是工作总时间和科研时间性别差异的重要影响因素,家务劳动作为中介于性别与工作时间/科研之间的解释机制是显著的。上述发现意味着,对于高校教师群体而言,家庭内部不平等的性别分工延伸并影响着职业领域的性别不平等。

Using multi-factor linear regression models based on a national-wide sampling data from the 2011 national survey of time utilization of scientists, this paper explores the gender differences intime allocation of the university faculty in China. Results show that gender differences among university faculty do exist not only in working time such as teaching time and research time, but also in non-working time such as sleeping time and housework time, even by controlling variables such as age, marital status, education, rank and institutional level. Further analysis reveals that gender differences in non-working time, especially in housework time, can provide a significant explanation to the gender differences in working time. These findings mean that gender inequality in families could produce negative influences on gender inequality in workplaces.