马克思主义基本定理的再证明

Reconfirming Marxian Fundamental Theorem

所谓马克思主义的基本定理,即正的剩余价值率是正的平均利润率的充分必要条件,最先由置盐信雄提出并加以论述,后来又由森岛通夫和其他人进一步补充和完善。但是,在他们的证明中,存在一些重要的缺陷,如错误地断言从每个部门都有正的利润可以推出每个部门都有正的净产出,以及不必要地假定所谓增广投入系数矩阵不可分解。这些缺陷意味着他们对马克思主义基本定理的证明实际上并不十分成功。本文根据马克思关于社会总产品的物质构成和价值构成的理论,重新证明了马克思主义的基本定理。在这一重新证明中,无须假定每个部门都有正的净产出,也无须假定增广系数矩阵不可分解。就此而言,本文的证明适用性更广,也更加具有一般性。

Marxian fundamental theorem, that positive surplus value is sufficient and necessary for positive av- erage profit, was proposed and discussed firstly by Okishio, and were then replenished and developed by Mor- ishima and others. But in their proof there are some serious defects that they declare that positive net output in each sector could be derived from positive profit in each sector, and assume unnecessarily that the augmented input coefficient matrix is irreducible. These defects imply that they in fact have not succeeded completely in their proof for Marxian fundamental theorem. The paper has reconfirmed Marxian fundamental theorem accord- ing to his theory of material and value structures for social total products. In the reconfirming, there is no need for the hypothesis of positive net output in every sector, and augmented input coefficient matrix irreducible. From that point of view, the proof in the paper is more validity and more general.