从异化劳动到劳动的二重性:马克思的人学探索

From the Alienation of Labor to the Duality of Labor:An Exploration of Marx's Anthropology

异化劳动学说中工人同自己的类本质相异化蕴含着工人在资本主义社会中的双重存在——这一思想在《德意志意识形态》中被马克思进一步表述为"现实的人"的双重存在:一方面是作为个体的"现实的人"的存在;另一方面是作为共同体的"现实的人"的存在。"现实的人"的双重存在产生了劳动的二重性,劳动的二重性则形成了商品的二重性:作为个体的"现实的人"的具体劳动形成商品的使用价值;作为共同体的"现实的人"的抽象劳动则形成商品的价值。以此为理论基石,马克思写成其政治经济学批判的巨著《资本论》。

In the alienated labor theory, the distinct between workers and their class nature contains workers＇ double existence in capitalist society -.-This idea was further expressed by Marx in the ＂The German Ideology＂ as dual existence of ＂The reality of the people＂： On one hand, as the existence of individual of ＂the reality of the people＂; on the other hand, as the existence of the Community of ＂the reality of the people＂. The dual existence of ＂the reality of the people＂ brings out the duality of the labor, and the duality of the labor yields the duality of commodity： physical work of individual of ＂the reality of the people＂ formats the using value of goods; abstractive work of Community of ＂the reality of the people＂ formats the value of commodity. Marx＇ s critical political economic masterpiece of＂Das Kapital＂ was just based on this.