辩证法本质辨识——论唯物辩证法与唯心辩证法对立的意义

Differentiation of the Essence of the Dialectic: On the Meaning of the Opposition Between Material Dialectic and Idealistic Dialectic

流行观点认为"唯物辩证法"和"唯心辩证法"根本对立,但人们从未探讨这一对立的深层认识论意义。实际上,这一对立不过是人类认识两种理路的区别,即哲学与科学两种研究路径的分化。"辩证法"具有逻辑思维的内在本质,这种本质并不因"唯物主义"和"唯心主义"的对立而改变,因而把"辩证法"区分为"唯物辩证法"和"唯心辩证法"并不具有本质意义。马克思对黑格尔辩证法的"颠倒",也是把哲学辩证法应用于科学研究,但这种应用也不改变辩证法的本质。"辩证法"的本质在于"反思"而不在于"反映",辩证法本身即具有"颠倒"性质,由此才为科学发展提供了认识论与方法论前提。

A prevailing view holds that material dialectic and idealistic dialectic is radical opposite. But scholars rarely investigated the deep epistemological meaning of the opposition. Indeed,the essence of the opposition posits in the difference between the philosophical dialectic and scientific dialectic. Dialectic has the inner essence of logic thinking that keep unchanged as to the opposition of two dialectics. Therefore,the differentiating the dialectics into material and idealistic has no essential meaning. The way that Marx reversed Hegels dialectic actually is the application of philosophical dialectic into science research. It never changed the essence of dialectic. The essence of dialectic doesnt consist in reflecting,but in retrospection. The dialectic as such has the character of reversing which presuppose the science development in epistemological and methodological meaning.