西北方言重点调查研究刍议——以甘宁青新四省区为主

The Key Investigations and Researches on Dialects in Northwest Regions——Mainly on Gansu,Ningxia,Qinghai,and Xinjiang Provinces

改革开放以来,西北方言研究取得了令人瞩目的成就,其中地点方言调查研究有不少重要的著作问世,挖掘出许多语言事实,并在理论上做了较深入的探求,形成了良好的学风。该项研究的不足是在区域、时间、选点、内容上存在严重的不平衡。目前有两方面的因素对西北方言的重点调查研究提出了新的迫切的要求:一是该地区语言资源的重要价值本身,如复杂多样的语言演变现象,多种形态的语言接触,调类的高度简化与调位中和,回民汉语与汉民汉语的异同;二是语言学的发展和社会的进步,如西北官话史的建构,西北高校人才培养和学科建设,民族团结和文化建设等。西北方言重点调查研究的目标是为汉语语言学理论建设服务,因此在实施中应当选择若干重要方言点,进行系统的调查研究,并建设方言语料库。

Since reform and opening-up,remarkable achievements have been scored in studying on dialects in northwest regions,among which many significant works on regional dialect studies have been created,finding out lots of linguistic facts and taking a more deeper study on theory,which forms a better learning style. The shortcomings of the research lie in great unbalance in regions,timing,places and content. At present,there are two factors urging us to do some important investigations and studies on dialect in northwest regions. One is the great value of language recourses in these regions,such as complicated evolution of language,many kinds of access to language,highly simplified tones and neutralization of tones as well as the differences of Chinese between Hui nationality and Han nationality; the other is linguistic development and social progress,such as the construction of official language history in northwest regions,cultivation of talented personnel and subject construction in universities and colleges in northwest regions,as well as ethnical unity and cultural construction. This paper also talks about aims and plans to carry out the key investigations and researches,like principles of choosing a place,investigation outline,research content,and the construction of corpus for key investigations and researches on dialect in northwest regions.