物联网环境下的农产品供应链风险评估与控制

Risk Assessment and Control of Agricultural Supply Chain on Internet of Things

随着物联网技术的快速发展,物联网环境下的农产品供应链模式日趋成熟。我国农产品供应链正处在由传统农产品供应链向现代农产品供应链转型的关键时期。新技术手段的应用、新的供应链运作模式,在提升农产品供应链的价值和降低传统供应链风险的同时,也带来了新的风险。首先,根据物联网环境下的农产品供应链运作模式,按照物联网的三个层次对整个农产品供应链上的风险加以识别,总结出来物联网环境下的农产品供应链风险因素包括感知层风险、网络层风险、应用层风险以及其他风险。然后,使用OWA算子对风险因素进行定量评估与排序,接着依据风险评估的结果使用供应链风险扩散收敛模型找出衡量供应链风险波动的定量指标。最后,根据前面模型的计算结果,提出了物联网环境下的农产品供应链风险管理与控制的措施和建议。

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things （IoT） technology,its applications on agricultural supply chain are becoming mature.The risks of traditional agricultural supply chain have been effectively controlled and averted.Agricultural supply chains in China are currently under transformation.The usage of new techniques and new supply chain modes can not only enhance the value of agricultural supply chain and reduce the traditional supply chain risks,but also create new risks for the agricultural supply chain.Therefore,risk assessment and control of the agricultural supply chain enabled by IoT has important theoretical and practical implications.Although the current literature has examined risk management of the agricultural supply chain,very few of them studied risk management of agricultural supply chain in China and how they are related to IoT.This paper classifies risks on the entire agricultural supply chain in accordance with three levels of IoT.Based on the principle of risk assessment,this paper summarizes the risks of IoT-enabled agricultural supply chains,including the risks of perception layer,the risks of network layer,the risks of application layer and some other risks.We used the OWA operator to quantitatively evaluate these risk factors.Risk assessment results show that the main risks facing IoT-enabled agricultural supply chain include information security,reputation,and distribution risks.Finally,we use the supply chain risk diffusion convergence model to identify quantitative indicators to measure risk fluctuations in IoT-enabled agricultural supply chain according to the results of risk assessment.According to the calculation results of the quantitative model and supply chain management practices,we propose some measures of risk management and control for IoT-enabled agricultural supply chains.In conclusion,IoT-enabled agricultural supply chain is in its development stage in China.It is necessary for managers of the agricultural supply chain to quantitatively evaluate risk fluctuations in the agricultural supply chain.Therefore,we can accurately update the status of IoT-enabled agricultural supply chain,and adjust management strategies for the agricultural supply chain in time.The managers of the agricultural supply chain should propose some improvement measures in order to reduce risksfor participants of the supply chain according to the calculation results of the quantitative model.IoT-enabled supply chain management practices should be executed in order to ensure that the entire agricultural supply chain operates in a low-risk status,which requires cooperation of all participants in a supply chain.