亚临床ADHD和ADHD儿童的临床特征及共存行为问题的比较研究

Comparative study of clinical profiles and co-morbidities between children with ADHD and sub-clinical ADHD

目的调查亚临床注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童的临床特征及其共存行为问题的分布,研究该群体临床干预的必要性。方法采用韦氏儿童智力量表和Vanderbilt ADHD评定量表,对130例ADHD儿童、101例亚临床ADHD儿童进行测定并与正常对照组进行比较。结果 ADHD组平均言语智商、操作智商和总智商分别为93.40±14.74、92.70±13.93和92.46±14.21;亚临床ADHD组分别为97.03±12.28、95.44±11.97和95.97±10.78,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.01)。ADHD组、亚临床ADHD组和正常组的注意缺陷因子平均得分分别为2.06±1.57、1.57±0.39和0.91±0.51,三组多动和冲动因子的平均得分分别是1.75±0.59、1.23±0.51和0.68±0.48,均为ADHD组>亚临床ADHD组>正常组(P均<0.01)。三组功能评分均值分别为2.90±0.60、2.65±0.54和2.06±0.51,亦为ADHD组>亚临床组>正常组(P<0.01)。ADHD组和亚临床ADHD组常见内外化行为问题筛查率差异无统计学意义(P>0.01),均显著高于正常组儿童(P均<0.01)。结论亚临床ADHD儿童虽未符合ADHD全部诊断标准,但仍有必要进行相应的干预以及常规进行其它内外化行为问题筛查。

Objective To study the clinical profiles and co-morbidities of children with sub-clinical attention deficit hy peractivity disorder （ADHD） and to explore the necessity of intervention to these children. Methods 101 children with sub-clinical ADHD and 131 children with ADHD were examined by the China-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children（C- WISC）and Vanderbilt ADHD Assessment Scale, the outcomes were analyzed and compared with those from normal chil dren. Results The average verbal intelligence quotient（VIQ）,performance intelligence quotient（PIQ）and full intelligence quotient（FIQ） of ADHD group were 93. 40±14.74,92.70±13.93 and 92. 46±14.21 respectively;The average VIQ,PIQ and FIQ of sub-clinical ADHD group were 97. 03±12.28,95. 44±11.97 and 95. 97±10.78 respectively. There were no sta tistically significant differences between these two group in VIQ, PIQ and FIQ（P〉0. 01）. The average scores of ADHD group,sub-clinical group and normal children group on attention deficit factor were 2.06 ±1.57,1.57± 0. 39 and 0.91 ± 0.51 respectively, and those in hyperactivity and impulsion factor were 1.75 ±0.59,1.23 ± 0.51 and 0.68±0.48 respectively. There were statistically significant difference between these three group in both attention deficit factor and hyperactivity and compulsion factor（P〈0.01）. The average score of these three groups on function were 2.90±0.60,2. 65±0.54 and 2. 06±0.51 respectively. There was also statistically significant difference between these three group in score on function（P 〈0.01）. There was no statistically significant difference among ADHD group and sub-clinical group in distribution of corn mon co-morhidities（P〉0.01）. Conclusion Although sub-clinical ADHD children don＇t meet full of the ADHD criteria,it is still necessarily for them to have appropriate intervention and screening of common co-morbidities.