上海市徐汇区0-3岁婴幼儿家庭早期教养现况调查及因素分析

Investigation of early childhood education and care for infants and toddlers in Xuhui district,Shanghai

目的了解婴幼儿家庭早期教养情况,为开展儿童早期综合发展工作提供参考依据。方法采用二阶段随机抽样的方法,抽取上海市徐汇区长桥、康健、天平街道0-3岁婴幼儿,共586名。采用自行设计的调查问卷对婴幼儿教养人进行调查,并通过单因素和多因素分析对影响育儿素养的相关因素进行探索。结果早期教养能力得分均数为（63.7±12.9）分,多因素逐步Logistic回归分析显示：随着母亲文化程度的提高（OR=1.66,95%CI：1.35-2.04）和家庭月收入的增加（OR=1.28,95%CI：1.02-1.61）,教养得分达到及格水平比例较高;相比于不到1岁的婴幼儿,年龄更大婴幼儿的家长能够有更高的教养得分;相比于业余时间忙于工作的家长,花时间陪婴幼儿的家长教养得分及格比例较高（OR=1.96,95%CI：1.20-3.21）。结论 0-3岁是儿童发展的关键时期,家长本身应提高自身的育儿知识水平和行为意识,为儿童早期生长发育提供更好的环境。

Objective To provide reference for the early childhood education and development related work in the future by investigating the status of parent cognitive level of early childhood education and care （ECEC）. Methods Totally 586 parents of infants born from March 1st 2010 to March 1st 2013 were cluster sampled as subjects from Changqiao, Kangjian and Tianping Street in Xuhui district, Shanghai. The data were collected by designed questionnaire on parents＇ knowledge,attitudes and behaviors by trained investigators and the related factors were explored by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results The mean ECEC score was 63.7 ± 12.9. After multivariate logistic regression analysis,the parenting score could reach a higher level with the improved maternal education level （OR= 1.66,95 % CI.1.352.04）and with higher family income（OR= 1.28,95 % CI：I. 02- 1.61）. Compared to less than 1 year old infants, the older infants＇ parenting scores were higher. The passing proportion was higher in the families spending more time with babies contrasting to the parents whose spare time busy with work fOR= 1. 96,95% CI： 1.20- 3.21）. Conclusions As eligible parents they should improve their parenting knowledge and behavior awareness for the healthy growth and development of their children.