马克思早期在何种意义上批判了黑格尔的市民社会观——基于对《黑格尔法哲学批判》的文本分析

In What Sense Marx Criticized Hegel's Concept of Civil Society:A Textual Analysis Based on Marx's Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right

基于对市民社会在历史和逻辑上的非同步性认识,马克思和黑格尔提出了不同的市民社会观。由于深刻认识了英国式市民社会的双重性,黑格尔的市民社会观表现为这样的逻辑:特权—同权—扬弃同权的特权。而在《黑格尔法哲学批判》中,受市民社会的传统政治内涵和费尔巴哈的影响,马克思在批判黑格尔的过程中建构起以人本学为框架、以人民主权为内容的特权市民社会观,即马克思只是从政治特权层面上批判了黑格尔逻辑中的第一环,而没有完全驳倒黑格尔。这是与他此时缺乏古典经济学知识直接相关的。这种理论缺失虽然使马克思无意中陷入了资产阶级法权意识形态,但其对市民社会的关注却成为他转向一般唯物主义、开启历史唯物主义探索之路的重要契机。

As people＇s understandings of civil society are asynchronous historically and logically,Marx and Hegel came up with different views of civil society.As Hegel had an in-depth understanding of the double meaning of Eng-lish civil society deeply,his concept of civil society represents such a logic：privilege-coequality-privilege subla-ting coequality.In Critique of Hegel”s Philosophy of Right （1843）,influenced by the traditional political privilege of civil society as well as Feuerbach＇s philosophical methodology,Marx proposed the view of privileged civil society with humanism as the framework and people”s sovereignty as his content in criticizing Hegel,which means that Marx only criticized the first link of Hegel”s logic from the perspective of political privilege,＆amp;nbsp;so he had not refuted Hegel completely,which is directly attributable to his lack of classical economics knowledge at that time.Although his lack of classical economics knowledge plunged Marx into bourgeoisie ideology of right,his attention on modern civil society proved a turning point that marked his turn to realism and started his road to search for historical materialism.