国外耕地保护的法律措施模式及对我国的启示

Foreign Legal Policies of Farmland Protection and Their Implications to China

目前,耕地保护已成为全球性问题,为此,各国都相继出台了不同的法律措施模式保护耕地,这其中包括:全部产权模式、管理与控制模式、部分产权模式、税收模式和土地开发权转让模式。根据这些国家的相关经验,以经济激励为核心的保护模式,其实施效果最佳。我国现在所实行的耕地保护措施主要是政府通过干预手段强制执行的,其方式属于管制与控制模式。由于该模式缺乏经济激励机制,因此耕地保护目标很难实现。据此,我国在完善相关的法律政策时,有必要在内容设置方面多运用经济手段,限制政府的不当干预行为,并通过引进部分产权和土地开发权转让模式达到保护耕地的目的。

Along with the rapid development of social economy and the consistent growth of population, many countries in the world have to face the problem that the quantity and quality of farmland is continuously on the decrease. Therefore, these countries have introduced different types of legal policies to protect farmland, which include full property interests, partial property interests, taxation, TDR, and command-and-control regulation. Based on their experiences, the protection policies that make economic incentive as the core value seem to work the best. Currently, the main policies of farmland protection implemented in China are enforced by the government＇s intervention, which are classified into command-and-control regulation. Due to a lack of economic incentive mechanisms, the legislative agenda of farmland protection is difficult to achieve. Accordingly, in order to better protect the increasingly scarce farmland resources, it is necessary to enact the legislative contents in improving the relevant legal policies, which include applying more economic means, limiting the government＇s excessive intervention, and introducing such policies as partial property interests and TDR so as to achieve the goal of farmland protection.