我国能源消耗和二氧化碳排放的历史特征研究

Characteristics of Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China

过去50年是全球气候变暖最显著的50年,全球气候变化已经成为国际社会最为关注的问题。我国是世界上最大的发展中国家,二氧化碳总排放量已经跃居世界第一,担负着减少二氧化碳排放,遏制全球气候变暖的重任。文章采用表观能耗估算法对我国大陆地区的历史能源消耗产生的二氧化碳排放清单进行了估算。研究结果显示,我国以煤为主的能源结构和经济发展优先的发展模式导致了我国巨大的二氧化碳排放量,虽然二氧化碳排放总量每年递增,但是单位GDP产生的二氧化碳排放强度却比较低,呈逐年递减的趋势,人均二氧化碳排放量水平相对发达国家也较低。文章研究结论为我国能源安全和生态环境的可持续发展提供了研究基础。

Global climate change is one of the hottest issues which attract world-wide attention today. As the biggest developing country, China has already overtaken the United States as the world＇s leading emitter of carbon dioxide. And China is responsible for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. This article estimates carbon dioxide emission inventories from energy consumption and carbon intensities of China's Mainland in the last 20 years by using the mass balance approach. Results show that China＇s coal-based energy structure and unique economic development have heavily impacted carbon dioxide emissions. Fortunately, although total carbon dioxide emissions have increased, the carbon intensity has gradually decreased. The per capital carbon dioxide emissions are lower than those of development countries. Our results may provide research foundation for China＇s energy security and sustainable development of ecology and environment.