文化马克思主义视域中的斯图亚特·霍尔

Stuart Hall in Cultural Marxism

面对战后英国的社会政治状况,霍尔吸收西方马克思主义思想,坚持社会主义立场,发展了马克思主义。霍尔认为,当代商业消费主义侵蚀了工人阶级的阶级感,这是一种文化心理和道德意义上的异化;社会是复杂的整体,由许多特殊的部分构成为有差异的联合体,政治是各种力量合纵连横即接合的领地;接合是各种社会元素的非本质非普遍性的关联,它打开了历史发展的不确定性和偶然性;意识形态以特殊方式表征和构造现实,以质询生产主体,只有接合于政治和社会力量,意识形态才能发挥实际的效用;文化是社会行动和干预的重要据点,其中,权力关系既被构造也受到潜在的搅扰。霍尔的马克思主义影响了英国当代的政治和管理实践,对于当代中国文化研究学科的发展、马克思主义哲学和文学理论的研究也具有重要的参考意义。

Faced with the social and political circumstances in post- war Britain,Stuart Hall developed Marxism by integrating different western Marxist thoughts into orthodox Marxism. The main ideas of Hall's cultural Marxism are as follows: First,modern consumerism corrupts the nature of the working class,which leads to cultural and moral alienation. Second,society is a complex combination of diversified parts just as politics is a complicated field where various strengths compete and merge. Third,articulation is the connection of the indecisive and uncommon characteristics of different social elements,which opens the uncertainty and fortuity of historical development. Forth,ideology represents and constructs reality in a special way to question the productive subject. Only combined with political and social strength can ideology be practically effective. Fifth,culture is the focal point of social action and interference,in which power relation is both constructed and disturbed. Hall's Marxism has influenced British contemporary political and administrative practice. It is also of great significance for the development of contemporary Chinese culture,as well as for the studies of Marxist philosophy and literary theory.