洗涤剂对黄鳝幼鱼急性毒性的研究

Acute toxicity of detergents on Monopterus albus juvenile

为探讨洗涤剂对黄鳝(Monopterus albus)幼鱼的影响,在室内条件下,采用单因素急性毒性试验法,测定A品牌洗衣粉、B品牌洗衣粉、C品牌洗洁精和D品牌洗衣液对黄鳝幼鱼的急性毒性作用。结果表明,4种洗涤剂对大规格幼鱼(平均全长为7.97 cm)24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度分别为24 h LC50(142.1、86.9、101.2、54.6 mg·L-1)、48 h LC50(121.2、74.3、90.7、47.3 mg·L-1)、72 h LC50(116.5、68.1、86.5、41.0 mg·L-1)和96 h LC50(114.2、65.8、85.2、39.6 mg·L-1),安全浓度分别为26.5、16.3、21.8、10.7 mg·L-1,而小规格幼鱼(平均全长为3.60 cm)24、48、72和96 h半致死浓度分别为24 h LC50(95.3、89.5、82.3、31.6 mg·L-1)、48 h LC50(85.8、80.6、77.3、29.5 mg·L-1)、72 h LC50(84.3、75.2、74.9、28.1 mg·L-1)和96 h LC50(82.9、73.9、73.7、27.8mg·L-1),安全浓度为20.9、19.6、20.4、7.7 mg·L-1。结果显示,各种洗涤剂的高浓度组均能使黄鳝幼鱼出现中毒症状并致死,但不同洗涤剂、浓度及作用时间产生毒害情况不同,幼鱼死亡率随着洗涤剂浓度增加和作用时间延长而增加,小规格幼鱼对洗涤剂的敏感性更强。

In order to explore the effect of detergents on Monopterus albus juvenile, under indoor condition, single-factor acute test was carried to evaluate the acute toxicity of four kind of detergents to Monopterus albus juvenile. Results showed that the 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 values of detergents for the large size juvenile（average size：7.97 cm） were 24 h LC50（142.1, 86.9, 101.2 and 54.6 mg·L-1）, 48 h LC50（121.2, 74.3, 90.7 and 47.3 mg·L-1）, 72 h LC50（116.5, 68.1, 86.5 and 41.0 mg·L-1） and 96 h LC50 （114.2, 65.8, 85.2 and 39.6 mg·L-1）, respectively. Safe concentration was 26.5, 16.3, 21.8 and 10.7 mg·L-1. And the 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 values of detergents for the small size juvenile （average size： 3.60 cm） were 24 h LC50（95.3, 89.5, 82.3 and 31.6 mg·L-1）, 48 h LC50（85.8, 80.6, 77.3 and 29.5 mg·L-1）, 72 h LC50 （84.3, 75.2, 74.9 and 28.1 mg·L-1） and 96 h LC50（82.9, 73.9, 73.7 and 27.8 mg·L-1）, respectively. Safe concentration was 20.9, 19.6, 20.4 and 7.7 mg·L-1. The results indicated that Monopterus albus juvenile could be poisoned and eventually caused to death by these four detergents of high concentration. However, poisoning varies by different detergents, different concentrations and action period. Juvenile mortality generally increases with increasing detergent concentration and prolonged action period.