设准与呈现:康德与牟宗三关于道德之认识

Assumption and Appearing:Kant and Mou Zong- san's Research on Moral

道德之于人类实践的意义是哲学中的重要问题。对这一问题,牟宗三的观点与康德哲学多有共同之处,都认为道德是人之所以成,道德是无条件的自律性、普遍性行为。二者不同在于:康德否认人先天地拥有完全的善的意志,认为道德是意志对理性的无条件服从,这种服从的前提是人有意志自由,但这只能是一个设准;牟先生则认为人不仅先天地拥有完全的善的意志并随时呈现,同时这种意志也是一种智的直觉,对无限的本体的直觉,是人绝对而无限的性体,是万物的生生之源。牟宗三将他与康德之间的差异解释为对人是否可以既有限而无限这一本质问题的不同理解。这种不同理解背后的根源则在于东西方哲学的不同传统。

This paper investigates the issue of moral in Kant and Mou Zong- san＇s philosophy. Both Kant and Mou hold the idea that moral is categorical imperative, it is an unconditional self - discipline . But Kant denies a person can possess absolute good will innately, he thinks the precondition of innate good will is that human possess free will, and it is an assumption. While in Mou＇s idea, a person possesses absolute good will innately, this kind of good will is an intellectual intuition, which means an intuition for noumenon. Mou thinks the intellectual intuition is human nature. The reason of the differences between Kant and Mou in this point is based on the different tradition of west and east philosophy.