能力视角下的家庭社会工作辅导模式、策略及理论超越

Strength-based Family Social Work Guidance Model,Strategy and Theoretical Transcendence

随着社会结构的转型,各种与家庭相关的问题不断显现。社会工作在为问题家庭进行服务时,面临着专业身份认可度低、可利用公共资源不足、难以保持家庭与个体平衡发展三个实践困境。能力视角理论为解决这些困境提供了新的启示,在实践中也探索出了以能力为中心的评估和介入的家庭社会工作模式。研究发现,这种新模式通过关注点的转变、全面性的把握和对互动的强调三种方式,有效地对家庭的能力和需求进行全面、动态地评估;通过建立良好的工作目标、运用循环策略和借助具体的行动三种策略,有力地促进个人和家庭能力的整合,促使家庭更好地应对自己的生活。同时,在实践研究中提炼出系统互动和行动连接两个概念,对能力视角理论做了相关修正。

With the transformation of social structure,various family-related issues are continuously arising.In serving the problem families,social workers face three practical predicaments;low recognition of professional identity,inadequate public resources,and difficulty in maintaining balanced development between family and individuals.The theory of strengths perspective gives new inspirations for addressing these predicaments and leads to a competence-centered mode of evaluating and intervening into family social work.The study finds that the new mode can make complete and dynamic assessment of household ability and needs by shifting focus of attention,grasping overall situation and emphasizing interaction.The mode can also promote the integration of individual and household abilities so as to enable families to cope with their own lives better by establishing superior working objective,utilizing cycle strategies and taking concrete actions.Two theoretical concepts,i.e.systematic interaction and linkage via action,are put forth,through the practical research,to modify the theory of strengths perspective.