耳鼻喉科医院感染病原菌分析

Pathogens causing nosocomial infections in department of ear,nose and throat

目的研究耳鼻喉科医院感染的发生情况、感染病原菌的分布及耐药性,指导临床治疗耳鼻喉科医院感染。方法选取2010-2012年医院耳鼻喉科医院感染患者,分离培养病原菌,利用K-B琼脂试验研究病原菌的耐药性。结果 2010-2012年耳鼻喉科医院感染率为7.75%,医院感染率呈上升趋势,且耳部疾病引起的医院感染率高于喉部和鼻部疾病;共分离出病原菌103株,其中革兰阳性菌40株占38.93%,革兰阴性菌53株占51.46%,真菌10株占9.71%;主要革兰阳性菌对利奈唑胺和乙酰唑胺的耐药率较低,均<6.0%,主要革兰阴性菌对美罗培南和亚胺培南的耐药率较低,均<6.0%,真菌对制菌霉素的耐药率较低,<17.0%。结论耳鼻喉科患者医院感染率高,且病原菌的耐药率较严重,临床应根据药敏结果选择耐药率低的抗菌药物进行治疗。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of nosocomial infections in department of ENT and analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing the infections so as to provide guidance for clinical treatment of nosocomial infections in the ENT department. METHODS The patients with nosocomial infections who were treated in the ENT department from 2010 to 2012 were enrolled in the study, then the pathogens were isolated and cultured, and the drug susceptibility testing of the pathogens Was performed by using K-B agar test. RESULTS The incidence of nosocomial infections was 7.75% in the ENT department in 2010-2012, the incidence of nosocomial infections showed an upward trend, and the incidence of nosocomial infections induced by ear disease was higher than that induced by the throat or nose disease. A total of 103 strains of pathogens have been isolated, including 40 （38.93%） strains of gram-positive bacteria, 53 （51.46%） strains of gram-negative bacteria, and 10 （9.71%） strains of fungi. The drug resistance rates of the main gram-positive bacteria to linezolid and acetazolamide were less than 6.0%, the drug resistance rates of the main gram-negative bacteria to meropenem and imipenem were less than 6.0%, and the drug resistance rates of the fungi to nystatin were less than 17.0%. CONCLUSION The incidence of nosocomial infections is high in the patients of ENT department, and the pathogens are highly drugresistant; it is necessary to use antibiotics on the basis of results of drug susceptibility testing.