滴灌条件下水肥耦合对北疆冬小麦生理生长和产量的影响

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on the Northern Xinjiang Winter Wheat Physiological Growth and Yield under Drip Irrigation

[目的]研究滴灌下水肥耦合对北疆冬小麦生理生长与产量的影响,确定北疆滴灌冬小麦最佳水肥施用量。[方法]供试作物为当地主栽小麦品种新冬8号。采用2因素3水平设计,2因素为灌水量和施氮量,灌水量3个水平分别为2 700、3 600、4 500 m3/hm2,施氮量3个水平分别为150、450、750 kg/hm2;对照为常规畦灌处理,灌水4次,灌水量为3 600 m3/hm2,施肥量为450 kg/hm2。[结果]滴灌和畦灌条件下冬小麦株高变化趋势为返青分蘖期至抽穗期急剧增长,抽穗后株高增长相对缓慢;拔节期水分增加对小麦株高的影响较大;在相同灌水量的情况下,冬小麦株高随着施氮量的增加而增大;在相同施氮量的情况下,滴灌冬小麦株高随着灌水量的增加而增大。滴灌和畦灌条件下,冬小麦叶面积指数(LAI)在生育期内呈正态曲线变化,随着小麦生育期推进LAI呈先升后降的变化趋势,孕穗期LAI最高;在相同灌水量的情况下,随着施氮量的增加,LAI也增大;在相同施氮量的情况下,随着灌水量的增加,LAI随着增大;水肥耦合对小麦产量、穗数、千粒重和质量影响较大,但对穗粒数的影响不显著。[结论]该研究可为大面积推广冬小麦滴灌技术和制定合理的灌溉施肥管理措施提供科学依据。

[ Objective ] The aim was to study the effects of irrigation water and fertilizer coupling on the northern Xinjiang winter wheat physio- logical growth and yield under drip irrigation, and then confirm on its best use amount of water and fertilizer. [ Method] The trial crop was the local main cultivation wheat variety Xindong No. 8. The two factors and three levels design was used, the two factors was irrigation water a- mount and fertilizer use amount, three levels of irrigation water amount were 2 700, 3 600, 4 500 m3/hm2, resp. , three levels of fertilizer use amount were 150, 450, 750 kg/hm2, resp. ; the control was conventional furrow irrigation treatment, namely the irrigation water times was four, the irrigation water amount was 3 600 m3/hm2, the fertilizer use amount was 450 kg/hm2. [ Result ] Under drip irrigation and furrow irri- gation conditions, the winter wheat plant height grew rapidly from tillering stage to heading stage, while grew relatively slowly after heading; that increase water content at jointing stage influenced wheat plant height largely ; under the same irrigation water amount conditions, the winter wheat plant height increased with nitrogen fertilizer use amount increasing ; under the same nitrogen fertilizer use amount conditions, the winter wheat plant height increased with the irrigation water amount increasing under drip irrigation. Under drip irrigation and furrow irrigation condi- tions, the winter wheat leaf area index（LAl） showed a normal curve change in the whole growth period, namely firstly rose then reduced, and was the highest at the booting stage; under the same irrigation water amount conditions, LAI increased with the nitrogen fertilizer use amount rising; under the same nitrogen fertilizer use amount conditions, LAI increased with the irrigation water amount rising; water and fertilizer cou- pling had bigger effects on wheat yield, spike number, 1 000-kernel weight and quality, while had not significantly effect on grain number per spike. [ Conclusion] The study provides a scientific basis for promoting winter wheat drip irrigation technology in a large scale and formulating the reasonable irrigation and fertilizer measures.