干旱区香梨滴灌灌水技术优化研究

Study of Optimization of Pear Drip Irrigation Technology in Arid Area

[目的]弄清不同灌水技术下香梨耗水规律,筛选适合干旱地区的果树灌溉技术,为该地区香梨灌溉提供理论依据,进而更好地指导果园适时灌溉,对水分合理利用有重要的指导意义。[方法]通过对新疆巴州灌溉试验站香梨地在不同灌水技术条件下香梨土壤含水量、植株生长及品质和产量的监测,分析香梨地土壤含水量和香梨不同生育期的耗水特征。[结果]单环管和双环管处理在整个土层深度上的土壤含水量低于地表双管处理和对照,与对照和常规滴灌相比,平均低14.8%和9.5%。单环管和双环管与地表双管处理相比,总耗水量分别减少了5.1%和3.1%,各处理品质差异较小,产量差异较大,2012年,地表双管处理的产量为27.2×103kg/hm2,比对照(20.7×103kg/hm2)高出31.6%,单环管处理(27.7×103kg/hm2)比对照高出34.2%。而在2013年,双环管和地表双管处理产量分别为11.6×103、8.2×103kg/hm2,分别比对照(7.1×103kg/hm2)高出63.0%和15.5%。[结论]在双环管的布置方式下,内圈环管直径100cm,外圈环管直径200 cm,滴头间距30 cm,滴头流量3.2 L/h的处理在香梨长势及产量等指标上优于单环管和地表双管布置方式。

[ Objective] The aim was to know the pear water consumption regularity under different water irrigation technology to screen out the suitable water irrigation technology for fruit tree in arid area, and then provide a theoretical basis for pear irrigation of this area to better guide the fruit orchard irrigation timely, which had an important guiding significance for water rational utilization. [ Method] Based on the monitoring of pear soil moisture, plant growth, yield and quality under different irrigation technology in the Bazhou irrigation experimental station of Xin- jiang, the pear soil moisture and its water consumption characteristics at different growth stages were analyzed. [ Result ] The soil moisture of the whole soil depth of the single-loop and double-loop pipe treatments were both lower than that of the double pipe treatment and control, and average 14.8% and 9.5% lower than that of control and the conventional drip irrigation treatment. Comparing to the surface double pipe treat- ment, the total water consumption of the singie-loop and double-loop pipe treatments decreased by 5.1% and 3.1% , each treatment had a smaller difference in quality, while a bigger difference in yield. In 2012, the yield of the surface double pipe treatment was 27.2 ×10^3 kg/hm^2 and higher 31.6% than that of control（20.7 ×10^3 kg/hm^2 ）, and that of the single-loop pipe treatment was 27.7×10^3 kg/hm^2 and higher 34.2% than that of control. In 2013, the yield of the double-loop pipe and the surface double pipe treatments were 11.6 ×10^3 , 8.2 ×10^3 kg/hm2 and higher 63.0% and 15.5% than that of control（7.1 ×10^3 kg/hm^2 ）, resp.. [ Conclusion] The arrangement way of the double- loop pipe with the inner ring diameter 100 cm, the outer ring diameter 200 cm, dripper spacing 30 cm, and dripper flow speed 3.2 L/h is bet- ter than the single-loop pipe and the surface double pipe ways in pear indices, such as growth vigor and yield.