广州地区不同年龄组支气管哮喘儿童变应原体外检测结果分析

Assays of common allergens in asthmatic children of different age groups in Guangzhou

目的观察广州地区不同年龄组支气管哮喘（哮喘）儿童总IgE（TIgE）水平和15种变应原特异性IgE（slgE）的阳性分布情况。方法入选859例小儿呼吸门诊的0～14岁哮喘儿童，采用德国FookeAllergy-O-LIQ变应原检测系统，通过酶联免疫捕获法检测TI姬和变应原sIgE，比较0～2岁、3～5岁、6～10岁和11～14岁组哮喘儿童的TIgE水平和15种变应原slgE的阳性分布差异。结果TIgE在6～10岁组[148．2（260．8）IU／ml]和11～14岁组[156．5（329．4）IU／ml]分别明显高于0～2岁组[38．7（82．2）IU／ml]和3～5岁组[64．2（138．2）IU／ml]（均为P〈0．01）。吸入变应原sIgE阳性率前4位是屋尘（51．9％）、屋尘螨（49．7％）、粉尘螨（47．7％）和热带螨（9．3％），其阳性率均随年龄的增加而t增高，4个年龄组比较差异具有统计学意义（r分别为61．987、125．439、152．507和87．997，均P〈0．01）。食物变应原sIgE阳性率前4位是牛奶（37．7％）、全蛋（23．1％）、花生（6．3％）和小麦粉（5．6％），4个年龄组比较差异具有统计学意义（r分别为50．766、22．913、8．275和7．808，均P〈0．05），牛奶和全蛋的阳性率因年龄的增加而降低，而花生和小麦的阳性率分别在6～10岁组和3～5岁组达高峰后下降。结论广州地区哮喘儿童TIgE水平和主要的吸入变应原屋尘、屋尘螨、粉尘螨及热带螨sIgE阳性率总的变化趋势随年龄的增加而增高，而主要的食物变应原牛奶和鸡蛋的sIgE阳性率则随年龄的增加而下降。

Objective To evaluate the serum total IgE （TIgE） levels and the positivity of specific IgE （sIgE） against 15 common allergens in asthmatic children of different age groups in Guangzhou. Methods A total of 859 asthmatic children aged 0 to 14 years from the out-patient clinics of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were recruited . TIgE and sIgE against 15 common allergens were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the Allergy-O-LIQ system. The levels of TIgE and the positivity of sIgE against individual allergen were compared among the 0-2 year, 3-5 year, 6- 10 year and 11-14 year groups. Results The TIgE levels in 6-10 year group [ 148.2 （260.8） IU/ml ] and 11- 14 year group [ 156.5 （329.4） IU/ml] were markedly higher than those in 0-2 year group [38.7 （82.2）IU/ml] and 3-5 year group [64.2 （138.2）IU/ml] （both P〈0.01 ）. The top four aeroallergens were consisted of house dust （51.9%）, Dermatophagoicles pteronyssinus （ Der. p） （49.7%）, Dermatophagoides farinae （ Der. f） （47.7%） and Blomia tropicalis （9.3%）, with the positivity increasing with the age （χ^2=61.987, 125.439, 152.507 and 87.997, all P〈0.01 ）. The top four food allergens included milk （37.7%）, egg （23.1%）, peanut （6.3%） and wheat flour （5.6%） （χ^2=50.766, 22.913, 8.275 and 7.808, all P〈0.05）, with the positivity of milk and egg significantly reduced with the age. However, the positivity of peanut and wheat flour culminated in the 6-10 year and 3-5 year groups, followed by reduction thereafter. Conclusion There is a trend towards higher TIgE level and the positivity of major aeroallergens, including house dust, Der. P, Der. f and Blomia tropicalis with the age, whilst the positivity of milk and egg allergens reduces with the age in asthmatic children in Guangzhou.