一株广谱拮抗细菌的鉴定、发酵条件及其抗菌物质性质

Identification, Fermentation Conditions and Antibacterial Material Properties of the Broad-spectrum Antagonist Bacteria

[目的]菌株S46是一株对多种植物病原菌有较好拮抗作用的细菌,为有效防治植物病害,进行菌种的鉴定、发酵培养工艺及抗菌物质性质研究。[方法]通过培养特性、形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rDNA同源性序列分析明确菌株的分类地位;通过发酵单因素实验和各因素正交试验确定菌株的发酵工艺;通过热、酸碱、紫外和日光等处理测定明确活性物质的稳定性。[结果]鉴定菌株S46为唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia gladioli),其对多种植物病原菌有拮抗作用,最适发酵培养基配方为大豆粉10g/L,玉米粉15g/L,蔗糖15g/L,磷酸氢二钾1 g/L,酵母粉5g/L;最适培养条件为接种量6%,发酵时间72 h,装瓶量30 mL/250mL,初始pH值7.0,转速180 r/min,温度30℃。该菌株发酵液有较好的热稳定性、紫外光和日光稳定性,但对强酸、强碱和有机试剂都较敏感。[结论]为植物病害的防治提供新的生物防治资源。

[Aims] The strain $46 is a bacteria with good effect of antagonism on a variety of plant pathogens, in order to effectively inhibit disease of plants, the test was carried out to define its species, fermentation cultivation technology and antifungal material properties. [ Methods ] The taxonomic status of the strain S46 was defined by analyzing cultural characteristics, morphology, physiological and biochemical properties and 16S rDNA homology sequences. Its fermentation process was determined with the fermentation of single factor experiment and multiple factors orthogonal experiment. The stability of the active material was test by heat, acid, alkali, uv and sunlight. [ Results ] It was identified as Burkholderia gladioli and had a good effect of antagonism on a variety of plant pathogens. The optimal fermentation medium was soybean meal 10 g/L, corn flour 15 g/L, sucrose 15 g/L, K2HPO41 g/L, yeast flour 5 g/L and the optimum culture conditions was 6% inoculurn, 30 mL/250mL, initial pH of 7,0, at 30℃ and rotational velocity 180 r/mim for 72 h. Its fermentation liquor had good stability oftherrnal, uv and sunlight. However, it was sensitive to strong acid, strong alkali and organic reagents. [Conclusions] It provided new resistant resource for preventing plant disease.