不同基因型水稻对低温潜沼性逆境的耐受能力及其农艺表现

Tolerance capacity and field performance of rice of different genotypes in paddy and low temperature field

低温潜沼性逆境是我国稻区常见逆境之一,研究不同基因型水稻对低温潜沼性逆境的耐受能力及农艺表现,对于提高稻田产量具有重要的理论意义和实践意义.研究选取四川盆地常用水稻品种,采用田间试验的方法,观测并分析不同水稻品种的分蘖动态、穗部性状等农艺指标.结果表明:1低温潜沼性逆境下,耐受能力较强的协优027和冈优188,在分蘖期(5月30—6月30日)具有较强的分蘖能力,其最大分蘖数分别为24.93和23.90,显著高于其它参试品种;其平均株高增长率在分蘖期分别为5.2%和5.7%,显著低于其它参试水稻品种.2协优027和冈优188在低温潜沼性逆境下的结实率较非逆境下的结实率分别降低5%和2%,穗长分别降低0.8%和0.1%,降低程度显著低于其它参试品种.3协优027和冈优188在低温潜沼性逆境下的稻谷产量分别为7.16,6.61 t/hm2,显著高于辐优151(4.81 t/hm2)和川谷优204(3.43 t/hm2).4低温潜沼性逆境下,水稻耐潜指数与水稻产量间的相关系数为0.64(P<0.05),与水稻产量降低程度间的相关系数为-0.78(P<0.01).低温潜沼性逆境耐受能力较强的水稻品种(协优027和冈优188),在低温潜沼性逆境下的分蘖数较多,结实率和穗长降低程度较低,产量降低程度较小,更容易获得高产.水稻耐潜指数可以用来评价不同基因型水稻对低温潜沼性逆境的耐受能力,耐潜指数越高,其在低温潜沼性逆境下产量降低程度越小.

Paddy soil and low temperature is one of the normal stresses in rice cultivating area of China, therefore an investigation on the tolerance capacity and field performance of rice of different genotypes in paddy and low temperature field, has theoretical and practical meanings. Rice varieties which are normally cultivated in Sichuan Basin were observed in fields, the number of rice tillers, panicle traits and other agricultural traits of rice in paddy and law temperature field were measured and analyzed. The results showed that under paddy and low temperature environment, （1） Xieyou 027 and Gangyou 188, with higher tolerance index, had more tillers and lower height increasing index during tillering stage than other varieties. The maximum tillers numbers were 24.93 and 23.90 respectively and the mean height increasing index were 5.2 % and 5.7% respectively. （2） Setting rates of Xieyou 027 and Gangyou 188 decreased by 5% and 2% ; panicle length of Xieyou 027 and Gangyou 188 decreased by 0.8% and 0.1% respectively; the decreasing rates were all significantly lower than that of other genotypes. （3） the rice yield of Xieyou 027 and Gangyou 188 was 7.16 t/hm2 and 6.61 t/hm2 respectively,which was much higher than Fuyoul 51 （4.81 t/hm2 ） and Chuanguyou 204 （ 3.43 t/hm2 ）. （4） Correlation index between rice yield and tolerance index was 0.64 （ P 〈 0.05 ）, correlation index between reduced rice yield and tolerance index was -0.78 （P 〈 0.01 ）. With higher capacity to tolerate the low temperature and paddy soil environment, Xieyou 027 and Gangyou188 have more tillers than that of other rice varieties during tillering stage, and its decreasing rates of panicle length and panicle grains were less than that of other rice varieties, therefore, the yield was higher than other rice under low temperature and paddy soil environment. Tolerance index of paddy and low temperature can be used to measure the capacity of rice to tolerate paddy and low temperature stress, a higher value means less reduced yield under paddy and low temperature environment.