民航飞行员健康需求分析及健康管理策略

Analysis of health needs of civil aviation pilots and strategy of health management

目的探索一种符合中国民航飞行员特点的健康管理模式。方法对289名在北京小汤山疗养院接受健康疗养的飞行员进行问卷调查,比较≤40岁与>40岁飞行员的慢性病患病率,了解飞行员功能社区的健康现状与健康需求。结合小汤山疗养院与北京传奇体育公司在国内民航领域率先开展的"飞行员360健康关爱工程"实践,探讨民航飞行员健康管理策略。结果≤40岁与>40岁飞行员在超重与肥胖、腰围超标、血压超标、血脂异常、空腹血糖超标方面的患病率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。69.34%的飞行员关注自身健康,89.90%的飞行员希望获得全面系统的健康管理。对航空公司以前采用的休闲疗养机制与效果持不满意态度或认为一般的飞行员占88.50%,对小汤山健康疗养模式的满意度达到100%。结论慢性病在民航飞行员当中呈现出年轻化趋势,中国民航目前的康复疗养机制亟待改善,针对飞行员职业及心理特点开展个性化健康管理是一种行之有效的模式。

Objective To explore a mode of health management accord to the character of Chinese civil aviation. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted for the 289 pilots who participated in healthy convalesce in Beijing Xiaotangshan Sanitarium, and the prevalence of chronic disease was compared between the pilots aged ≤40 years old and 〉40 years old. The health status and the needs of health of the pilots functional community was known. Combined with the practice of ＂360 health-caring engineering for pilots＂ that was held first by Beijing Xiaotangshan Sanatorium and Beijing Chuanqi Sports Co. Ltd. in the area of civil aviation, the strategy of health management of pilots was ex-plored. Results There was no significant difference in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, excessive waist circumfer-ence, excessive blood pressure, dyslipidemia, exceeded glucose between pilots aged ≤40 years old and 〉40 years old （P〉 0.05）. 69.34% of the pilots were concerned about their health, 89.90% of the pilots wanted a comprehensive sys-tem of health management. And 88.5%of the pilots felt unsatisfied with the convalescent mechanism took by the airline and the effect before, while 100% of the pilots were satisfied with the convalescent mechanisms of Beijing Xiaotang-shan Hospital. Conclusion A younger trend of chronic diseases among pilots is showed;and improvement of the conva-lescence system of Chinese civil aviation is needed currently; personalized health management is an effective mode, which is carried out accord to pilots＇ vocational and psychological characteristics.