创新传统、外部环境与发展时机——通用电气公司工业研究实验室创立的内部动力和外部条件研究

Innovation Tradition, National Environment and Timing for Company' Development:Study on the Internal Dynamics and External Conditions Driving and Supporting the Establishment of General Electric Company's Industrial Research Laboratory

美国通用电气公司具有创新精神的战略高层和负责研发、销售和工程与生产等职能的创业先辈长期协作形成的高效创新传统,以及随着公司的发展,电力制造行业竞争越发激烈,技术的复杂性提高,对科学知识的依赖度增强,加上在创新传统驱动下公司科技专家和高层领导对全新领域创新发展的寻求,公司决定建立以基础科学研究为主的工业研究实验室。同时,美国在1900年前培养和储备了充足的科技人才,其将服务于工业发展视为科学研究的重要职责,以及科学界和工业界在19世纪后半叶长期积累的合作经验,都为实验室的建立创造了条件。

From the long term coordination of entrepreneurial strategic leaders and managers and scientific and technological experts performing the functions of research and development, marketing, engineering and manufactu-ring, etc., in the predecessor companies, derives the General Electric Company＆#39;s innovation tradition. Along with the fast development of the electrical manufacturing enterprises and the intensifying competition among them, the technology of the industry is becoming more complex which needs more help form the scientists. Meanwhile, dri-ven by the innovation tradition, company＆#39;s leaders and scientific and technological innovators determine to orga-nize an industrial research laboratory primarily performing basic scientific researches and focusing on innovation works. This decision and activity is amply supported by the fact that the country has plenty scientific elites at that certain time who are willing to contribute to the industrial development. On the other hand, there has been more than half century of experiences of coordinating works between scientists and engineers and the industrial en-terprises, which largely smooth the establishing and running of such industrial research laboratory.