家兔下腔静脉血栓模型建立的实验研究

Experimental study of establishing inferior vena cava thrombus model in rabbits

目的探讨通过手术在家兔下腔静脉内置入螺旋铜丝建立下腔静脉血栓模型的可行性及成功率。方法将30只家兔分为血栓组(25只)与对照组(5只)。血栓组实验兔通过手术暴露下腔静脉,将自制长约3 cm直径约3 mm螺旋铜丝穿刺置入下腔静脉,止血后将自制U形铜丝夹于螺旋铜丝近心端下腔静脉收紧,留缝隙约2 mm,缝合腹膜、肌肉及皮肤。对照组进行与血栓组相同的手术过程,但下腔静脉不置入螺旋铜丝。1 d后处死解剖2组实验兔,观察血栓组下腔静脉血栓形成情况,计算造模成功率,对照组观察下腔静脉血流情况。血栓组取血栓行HE染色病理检查确定血栓性质。结果血栓组25只实验兔下腔静脉管壁完好。23只实验兔下腔静脉内可见血栓形成,红色血栓与白色血栓沿螺旋铜丝间或存在,造模成功率92%(23/25)。2只实验兔造模失败。对照组5只实验兔下腔静脉内未见血栓形成。血栓组血栓病理证实均为新鲜混合血栓。结论本方法建立下腔静脉血栓模型成功率高,血栓病理符合深静脉血栓特点,可用于静脉血栓的实验研究。

Objective To explore the feasibility and success rate of establishing inferior vena cava thrombus model by the operation in which the spiral copper wire was placed into the inferior vena cava of rabbits .Methods Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into thrombus group （ n =25）and control group（ n =5）.The inferior vena cava of rabbits in thrombus group was exposed through operation ,then the self-made spiral copper wire was punctured into the inferior vena cava .The self-made U-shaped copper wire clip was placed around the area of proximal parte of inferior vena cava .Then the clip was frapped and the 2mm gap was kept.After stopped bleeding,the abdominal muscle,peritoneum and skin were sewn up.The rabbits in control group were sham operated ,however ,the spiral copper wire was not placed in inferior vena cava .All the rabbits were executed and dissected 1 day after the operation .The thrombosis condition of rabbits in thrombus group was observed ,the success rate of establishing the models with inferior vena cava thrombus was calculated .The inferior vena cava blood flow status in rabbits of control group was observed .Moreover the paraffin slices of thrombus were stained by Hematoxylin-eosin （ HE） to check the pathological characteristic of thrombus in thrombus group .Results The inferior vena cava vessel wall of rabbits in thrombus group was complete in which thrombosis in inferior vena cava could be found in 23 rabbits,and the thrombus included white or red thrombus which adhered to the spiral copper wire ,with the success rate was being 92%（ 23/25 ） .However thrombosis in inferior vena cava could not be found in 5 rabbits of control group .The pathological examination showed that the thrombus in thrombus group was fresh mixed thrombus .Conclusion The success rate of establishing inferior vena cava thrombus model by the method is higher ,and the pathological characteristics of thrombus are consistent with those of deep vein thrombus ,which can be used in experimental study for vein thrombus .