滑坡涌浪影响下船舶航行限制范围试验研究

Experimental studies of restricted waterway for ships during landslide generated waves

三峡库区滑坡时有发生,滑坡产生的涌浪对航道中的船舶航行安全构成巨大威胁。以万州沱口码头河段为原型,设计岩体滑坡涌浪物理模型试验。试验中测得不同工况下首浪高度和沿程涌浪高度,运用回归分析方法得到首浪高度和沿程涌浪衰减的经验计算式,并由此推算得出船舶航行限制范围的计算式。运用船舶模型试验的方法对船舶航行限制范围计算式进行了验证,同时对波流场中如何计算进行说明。船舶航行限制范围的确定可为船舶避险措施研究提供重要依据,对减少滑坡涌浪对船舶损坏及人员伤亡具有重要的现实意义。

Landslides often occur in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Landslide generated waves often mark threats against vessels in the waterways. Based on this, a physical model for simulating the rock landslide generated waves is designed, taking the river reach near the Tuokou port in Wanzhou harbor as the prototype. Primary wave height and the wave height in different working conditions are obtained from the special instruments placed in the model. A regression analysis method is used to get the empirical formula for the primary wave height and attenuation of wave height. And the formula for navigation limits of ships in the inland waterways is given by the empirical formula. The formula is checked and verified by the ship model tests. Then we explain the formula for the waterway during the wave flow field. The determination of scope of restricted waterway for vessel can provide an important basis for the research on measures for vessel safety. It is of practical significance to reducing the damage of the vessel and casualties caused by landslide generated waves.