民主改革前的凉山彝族习惯法探析

Analysis of the Customary Law of the Yi People in Liangshan before the Democratic Reform

凉山彝族地区在1956年民主改革后,从奴隶社会过渡到新民主主义社会又进入了社会主义社会,社会、政治、经济等都发生了很大的变化,但凉山彝族习惯法对凉山彝族现实社会生活仍存诸多影响。1956年民主改革前的凉山彝族习惯法与凉山彝族奴隶社会生产力发展水平及等级制度、家支紧密相连,严格维护着等级秩序、奴隶主的财产权利及家支组织,体现出自身鲜明的特点。对民主改革前的凉山彝族习惯法有所认知,一方面可以了解现今少数民族群体内部关系形成的历史原因和基础,积极去保留符合时代需求、有利于少数民族社会发展的习惯法;另一方面又可以为国家法律在少数民族地区实施进行有益地变通提供参考,从而实现国家法与少数民族习惯法的良性互动。

Since the democratic reform in 1956, the Yi people-inhabited regions in Liangshan of Sichuan Province havetransitioned from slave society to the new democratic society, then to socialist society. Great social, political and economicchanges have happened. However, the customary law of the Yi people in Liangshan still has influences on their life. Thecustomary law of the Yi people before the 1956 democratic reform was closely related to their productivity, hierarchy,and the lineage system in the slave society. The law, with its unique characteristics, effectively protected the hierarchy,properties of the slave owners and the lineage system. To have some knowledge of the law, on one hand, is helpful tounderstand the historic factors and basis behind the current relationship within minority groups, and actively maintainthose parts that meet the needs of the time and benefit the social development of minority groups; on the other hand,knowledge of the law provides a good reference for adapting state law when implemented in minority regions so as topromote positive interaction between state law and customary law of minority groups.