略论西方哲学中的同一性问题

A Brief Review of the Identity's Issue in Western Philosophy

同一性问题源自于西方哲学中的形而上学传统。近代西方哲学以主客体的分离为前提,把二者实体化,积极地探寻某种形而上的同一性实体。康德开创的德国古典哲学传统,确立了理性与自由的基本原则,也使对同一性的寻求达到了一个新的高度。黑格尔后的现代哲学,经过费尔巴哈、马克思和尼采等人的批判,同一性问题沿着两条不同的路径向前演进。到了现代及后现代哲学中,对同一性问题的探讨则更为集中地表现在自我与社会分裂的问题方面。

Identity issue derives from the metaphysical tradition of Western philosophy. Due to the influence of subjectobjectdichotomy in the West Philosophy since modern times, the subject and object are regarded as entities, and scholarsactively explore the identity of a metaphysical entity. The principle of rationality and freedom is established by ImmanuelKant, who is the pioneer of the German Classical Philosophy, making the seeking of identity reach a new height. The issuesof identity, which are critiqued by Feuerbach, Marx, Nietzsche and others, evolution along two different paths forward inmodern western philosophy. But then, to explore issues of identity are more focused on the self-identity and social-identityin post-modern philosophy.