分蘖期水分胁迫对不同栽培方式水稻生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of Water Stress at Tillering Stage on Rice Growth and Development and Yield of Rice under Different Cultivation Modes

采用盆栽试验研究了不同栽培方式下分蘖期水分胁迫对水稻生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明:在传统栽培和垄作梯式栽培下,分蘖期水分胁迫对水稻分蘖数、叶面积、根系及产量都有较大的影响,影响程度与水分胁迫水平相一致;轻度胁迫可以促进水稻根系的生长,中度、重度胁迫则抑制根系生长;轻度胁迫可增加水稻的实粒数、千粒重及结实率,水稻产量提高14.2%和16.1%,耗水量降低10.4%和10.3%,水分利用率提高21.8%和22.7%,而中度胁迫则使水稻产量降低23.5%和21.3%,耗水量降低12.3%和11.4%,水分利用率下降12.2%和11.8%,重度胁迫使水稻产量降低41.6%和45.4%,耗水量降低15.6%和16.1%,水分利用率下降30.4%和35.3%。与传统栽培相比,垄作梯式栽培下水稻叶面积、根系氧化活力平均增加11.5%和20.5%,产量平均提高15.2%,水分利用率平均提高17.3%。因此,分蘖期轻度控水和垄作栽培有利于水稻的生长及产量的提高。

The effects of water stress at tillering stage on growth and yield of rice under different cultivation modes were studied with the pot experiment.The results showed that there existed great impact of water stress at tillering stage on tille-ring number,leaf area,root and yield under conventional cultivation (CK) and ridge&terraced cultivation (RT),and the seriousness of effects was consistent with the level of water stress.Mild stress could promote root growth ,moderate and se-vere stress restrained root growth.Under mild stress condition,rice grains,1 000-grain weight and seed setting rate in-creased,rice yield increased by 14.2%and 16.1%,water consumption decreased by 10.4%and 10.3%,water use effi-ciency increased by 21.8%and 22.7%.Under moderate stress condition ,rice yield decreased by 23.5%and 21.3%,wa-ter consumption decreased by 12.3% and 11.4%, water use efficiency decreased by 12.2% and 11.8%.Under severe stress condition,rice yield decreased by 41.6% and 45.4%,water consumption decreased by 15.6% and 16.1%,water use efficiency decreased by 30.4%and 35.3%.Compared with the conventional cultivation ,the leaf area ,root activity ,rice yield,water use efficiency in the ridge& terraced cultivation were increased by 11.5%,20.5%,15.2% and 17.3% re-spectively.Therefore,the mild water stress at tillering stage and ridge & terraced cultivation can improve the growth and yield of rice.