城乡关系变迁与地方行政体制改革——基于中国传统与转型社会的考量

On Urban-rural Relations with Local Administrative Reform—Based on Considerations of Chinese Tradition and Social Transformation

从历史上看,城乡关系与地方行政体制尤其是县制改革有紧密关联。传统"郡县制"体制下城乡之间没有明确的分界;近代随着城乡的突变式分离,地方行政体制亦频繁变动。改革开放后,旨在缩小城乡差距的市管县体制在现实中固化了城乡二元结构,为打破这种城乡二元结构,不少地方试行了省管县的改革并取得一定成效。目前,省管县已成为统筹城乡的重要改革方向。而要搞好省管县的改革,必须平衡和规范市、县公共权力的行使边界,合理界定其权责界限。同时,省管县改革要做大做实县作为一级独立政权所必需的政治、行政、财政等各项权能,赋予其相应的治理资源特别是行政权力资源。

The Urban-rural relationship is closely associated with the local administrative system, especially with the county reform. In traditional system of Prefectures and Counties, the Urban-rural relationship presented a continuous state. In modern times, with abrupt separation between urban and rural areas, the local administrative system changed frequently. After the reform and opening up, the Municipally Affiliated County System, aiming at bridging the gap between the urban and rural, solidified the urban-rural dual structure in reality. The Province Tube County has become an important direction of reform which balancing urban and rural. Therefore, we must balance and regulate the boundaries of public authority between the city and the county, and definite the limits of its mandate reasonably. Meanwhile, the reform of Province Tube County should do great reforms of pelitical, administrative, financial powers and functions of the county, and give its corresponding control resources, especially executive power resources, so that the county can act as an independent government.