陈炯明、孙中山与广东省宪运动

Chen Jiongming,Sun Yat-sen and the Constitutional Movement in Guangdong

在联省自治运动中,陈炯明、孙中山与广东省宪运动的命运十分密切。陈炯明主政广东时期,通过省议会,积极推动省宪运动,出台广东省宪法草案,使广东省成为当时最有能力深入推进省区自治的希望之地。但是,围绕着省区自治和国家统一方略,陈炯明与孙中山产生严重分歧,导致广东省宪运动走向消亡。陈炯明与孙中山政治思想的对立,表征着两种中国政治发展模式不可避免的冲突。陈炯明政治主张的最终失败,意味着作为渐进调和的省宪自治运动模式无法回应时代需要,而集权政治模式作为后发现代化国家早期推进现代化的选择具有历史的合理性。中国政治发展由此实现从联邦主义到中央集权主义的转型。

During the federalist movement, Chen Jiongming and Sun Yat-sen were intimately linked to the destiny of the constitutional movement in Guangdong. In his rule of Guangdong, Chen Jiongnaing actively promoted furthering provincial autonomy. Nevertheless, Chen Jiongming and Sun Yat-sen had serious differences as to the strategy for the provincial autonomy and national unity, thus leading to the extinction of the constitutional movement in Guangdong. The antagonism between Chen Jongming and Sun Yat-sen in their political and ideological ideas is symbolic of the inevitable conflict between two development models for Chinese politics. Thus, the ultimate failure of Chen Jiongming in his political view signifies the failure of the gradual and harmonic provincial constitutional movement pattern in its response to the needs of the era; while the political model of centralized power has its historical rationality as an impetus to the modernization drive for later modernized countries in their early phase of development. As such, the development of Chinese politics has witnessed the transformation from federalism to centralization.