英国从科技创新的视角评价战略性产业的做法及其启示

Evaluation of Strategic Industries in the UK from the Dimension of Innovation

针对如何识别战略性产业这一理论与实践难题,通过实地访谈和文献调研的方法,深入分析了英国产业战略布局过程,了解到,英国在完整的战略性产业识别工作中,科技创新思想的引领作用主要体现在3个关键环节:通过创新能力与技术储备情况,考察产业基础;通过社会与技术因素驱动的未来需求,判断产业潜力;判断创新相关市场失灵问题的程度,确定政府干预的必要性。据此得出结论:在国民经济发展的整体规划中,科技创新的视角可对识别和评价战略性产业产生决定性作用。除理论意义外,以科技创新视角确立产业规划的英国经验亦可资我国产业政策实践借鉴。

The process of industry strategic layout in the UK has been researched in-depth. This paper, on the basis of literature research and interview on the spot, analyzes impacts of innovation thought on the UK’s industry strategic layout in the following aspects： technology reserves and innovation ability indicate the industrial base; technical factors drive the future demand of industries, showing the industry potentials; the degree of market failure involved in innovation determines the necessity of government intervention. These lead to the conclusion that innovation perspective can have a decisive role in the identiifcation and evaluation of strategic industry on macro level. Besides theoretical induction, the UK experience is useful to the industrial policy practice in China.