2010-2012年渭南市狂犬病流行特征分析

Epidemiological Analysis on Rabies in Weinan District from 2010 to 2012

目的分析2010-2012年渭南市狂犬病流行状况,为进一步预防控制狂犬病提供科学依据。方法收集2010-2012年渭南市报告的所有狂犬病病例个案资料,采用描述性流行病学方法对病例进行分析。结果 2010-2012年渭南市共报告47例狂犬病,发病以农村为主,分布全市11个县(市、区),西北地区发病偏高;全年散发,夏、秋季(占74.47%)报告病例较多,农民和学生(占87.23%)为主要发病人群;男性多于女性(男女性别之比为3.7:1),40岁以上年龄(占82.98%)发病较多。暴露后70.22%的人未对伤口进行任何处理,85.11%的人未接种疫苗,100.00%的人未接种免疫球蛋白或血清。结论渭南市狂犬病发病有明显的地区、季节、年龄、性别和职业特征。渭南市群众对犬伤处置不够规范,应提高暴露后人群的免疫率,并加强对群众的狂犬病防治知识的宣传教育和医务人员培训。渭南市狂犬病病例的伤人动物主要是犬,应加强犬只管理,提高犬只免疫率。

Objective：To offer reasonable evidence for preventing and controlling rabies by analyzing the epidemic situation of rabies in Weinan District from 2010 to 2012.Methods To collect data of the reported rabies cases in Weinan District from 2010 to 2012 and to analyze the data by descriptive epidemiological method.Results 47 cases of rabies are reported in Weinan during 2 years and the majority is from rural areas.The distribution covers all 11 counties of Weinan District.The morbidity rate is relatively high in the Northwest China.The cases are reported mainly in summer and autumn（occupies 74.4 %）.The peasants and students are the major group of the infected cases（occupies87.23 %）and more men than women（the sex ratio is 3.7：1）.The morbidity rate of 40 years and older is relatively high（occupies 82.98 %）.70.22 % rabies exposed population have no wound treatment and 85.11 % didn＇t have vaccination against rabies.None of exposed population has immunoglobulin or serum inoculation.Conclusions The rabies in Weinan District has great characteristics among different areas,seasons,ages,genders and jobs.Besides,the wound treatment is not so qualified after exposing.Therefore,strengthening the management of dogs,enhancing the immunization rate of dogs,strengthening the propaganda in public,strengthening the training for medical workers,normalizing the treating of dog-bite wound and enhancing the immunization rate of exposure are the keys in preventing and controlling rabies.