职业性慢性汞中毒的临床观察与护理

目的分析应用二巯丙磺钠治疗职业性慢性汞中毒19例患者的疗效及护理经验。方法分析19例职业性慢性汞中毒患者的临床特点,经过驱汞使用二巯丙磺钠,0.25 g/d,肌内注射,每次注射后,即采集24 h尿液,再行第2天肌内注射,3 d为1个疗程,2个疗程之间隔4 d,指导患者正确留取尿液样本,加强心理护理、口腔护理、牙护理、生活护理及健康教育护理等,通过对患者治疗前后临床表现及尿汞值的分析,观察并评价效果。结果经驱汞、对症及支持治疗配合有效护理,19例患者均痊愈或好转出院。结论正确使用汞解毒剂,密切观察病情变化,积极做好有效护理是汞中毒护理成功的基础。

Objective To analyze the curative effect and nursing experience of treating 19 occupational chronic mercury poisoning pa- tients with sodium dimercaptosulphonate.Methods The clinical features of 19 patients with occupational chronic mercury poisoning were analyzed.Sodium dimercaptosulphonate was injected intramuscularly（0.25g /d）.Twenty-four hour urine was collected fight after each injec- tion before the next day injection.Intramuscular injection continued 3 days in a row as one course.There was a 4-day interval between each course.Patients were guided to collect urine samples in a correct way.Psychological care, oral care, dental care, daily life care and health care education were all strengthened.The clinical manifestations and urinary mercury levels before and after the treatment were analyzed and the effect was evaluated.Results After mercury eliminating, symptomatic and supportive treatment combined with effective nursing care, 19 patients were cured or improved before being discharged.Conclusion The proper use of mercury antidote, careful observation of patient＇s condition, and effective nursing methods are fundamental for a successful nursing of mercury poisoning.