焊接变形测量方法研究进展

Research Progress of Measuring Methods for Welding Deformation

伴随焊接过程产生的焊接变形会对其尺寸精度、外部形状、装配精度、结构特性和使用性能造成显著影响,因而在焊中和焊后对变形进行测量对于了解材料的变形机理,改善焊接工艺,减少焊后应力和变形,提高焊件的承载能力有着重要的理论意义和工程价值。本文回顾了当前主要焊接变形测量手段,分析了各种测量方法的特点、适用性和局限性,重点讨论了近两年来本领域出现的新型光学方法,指出了焊接复杂变形测量中的关键问题和未来发展方向。

Welding deformation is one of the major reasons which can affect the dimensional precision of weld structure,lower service life, and the structural damage of weld seam. The causes for welding deformation and the effecting factors arethe key to ensure the quality of weld and improve the precision of weld. Therefore, measuring accurately and quickly ofwelding deformation has important theoretical and practical value. The traditional measuring methods were reviewed. Theadvantages and shortages were analyzed. To realize full-field deformation measurement during metal sheet welding processes,the 3D optical measuring method were presented. And the key technology and future development trend were predicted.