2013年浙江省农村水厂出厂水水质卫生监测分析

Monitoring and analysis of finished water quality of rural water plants in Zhejiang province in 2013

目的为了解和掌握浙江省农村水厂出厂水饮水水质、卫生状况和变化,预防介水肠道传染病、中毒等健康危害发生,保障农村居民饮水卫生安全。方法在全省分层随机选择有代表性的40个项目县(市区)开展农村水厂基本情况调查,并采集不同水处理方式和不同水源类型水厂的出厂水,在丰、枯水期进行采样检测40项饮水水质常规指标,按照国家《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)进行评价。结果浙江省农村水厂处理工艺以完全处理为主占45.51%,水源以地面水为主占80.24%;出厂水水质综合指标合格率枯水期和丰水期分别为96.71%和95.71%;完全处理的出厂水的合格率显著高于部分处理(P<0.05);规范消毒能有效提高水中微生物指标的合格率。结论农村水厂出厂水水质卫生仍有待提高,主要不合格指标为微生物指标,这与水厂消毒率低、消毒不规范等有关。建议提高消毒率,规范消毒工艺,可有效提高农村饮水水质,降低水性疾病风险。

Objective To investigate the quality, health status and changes of finished water from rural drinking water purifying plants of Zhejiang province, so as to prevent the intestinal infectious diseases and poisoning, ensuring drinking water safety in rural areas. Methods Forty representative counties （cities） were randomly selected to investigate the basic information of drinking water purification plants by questionnaire. Finished water samples were collected from water plants with different purifi- cation processing modes and different water sources in wet season and dry season. Then 40 routine indicators of water quality were detected in these finished water samples, and the results were evaluated according to ＂Hygienic standard for drinking wa- ter＂ （GB5749 -2006）. Results The rural water plants with fully - processed technology accounted for 45.51% in Zhejiang province, and those with surface water as the main water source accounted for 80.24%. The total pass rates of finished water in dry season and wet season were 96.71% and 95.71% , respectively. The pass rate of fully - processed water was obviously higher than that of partly - processed water. Effective disinfection could significantly improve the pass rate of microbiological in- dicators in water. Conclusion The pass rate of the finished water from rural water plants is relatively low, which is mainly re- lated to microbiological pollution induced by low disinfection rate and irregular disinfection. It is suggested to improve disinfec- tion rate and standardize the disinfection process, thus improving the water quality and preventing the waterborne diseases.