不同有机物覆盖对冷凉地区苹果园土壤水温环境及速效养分的影响

Effects of different organic matter mulching on water content,temperature,and available nutrients of apple orchard soil in a cold region

为了探究不同有机物覆盖对冷凉地区果园土壤理化性质的影响,在‘寒富’苹果园设置了杂草、稻草、玉米秸秆、粉碎枝条4个覆盖处理,对比分析了各处理果园土壤水分、养分等指标的变化.结果表明:有机物覆盖增加了土壤含水量,以干旱季节最为明显;减缓了春季土壤温度上升速度,不利于果树前期生长,但降低了夏季土壤的最高温,提高了秋冬季土壤的最低温;提高了土壤的pH值,以玉米秸秆覆盖处理最为明显,减轻了土壤酸化,使土壤pH接近中性;不同程度提高了土壤有机质含量,以杂草覆盖处理最为明显.覆盖还增加了土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,但稻草覆盖处理碱解氮含量低于对照.

The effects of different organic matter covers on soil physicalchemical properties were investigated in a ‘Hanfu’ apple orchard located in a cold region. Four treatments were applied （weed mulching, rice straw mulching, corn straw mulching, and crushed branches mulching）, and physicalchemical properties, including orchard soil moisture and nutrient contents, were compared among treatment groups and between organic mattertreated and untreated plots. The results showed that soil water content increased in the plots treated with organic matter mulching, especially in the arid season. Cover with organic matter mulch slowed the rate of soil temperature increase in spring, which was harmful to the early growth of fruit trees. Organic matter mulching treatments decreased the peak temperature of orchard soil in the summer and increased the minimum soil temperature in the fall. pH was increased in soils treated with organic matter mulching, especially in the corn straw mulching treatment, which occurred as a response to alleviating soil acidification to achieve nearneutral soil conditions. The soil organic matter increased to varying extents among treatment groups, with the highest increase observed in the weed mulching treatment. Overall, mulching increased alkalihydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil, but the alkalihydrolyzable nitrogen content in the rice straw mulching treatment was lower than that of the control.