基于层次分析法和熵权法的宁夏城市人居环境质量评价

Evaluation of urban human settlement quality in Ningxia based on AHP and the entropy method

城市人居环境已成为日益关注的热点问题,同时也是城市化水平和城市可持续发展的重要衡量因素之一.本文以宁夏回族自治区的5个地级市为研究对象,采用层次分析法(AHP)构建以生态环境、社会环境、人文环境和经济环境为系统层的评价指标体系,并利用AHP和熵权法结合的方法确定指标权重,对城市人居环境质量大小进行综合评价.结果表明:5个城市的人居环境质量大小顺序为银川市(0.85)、石嘴山市(0.62)、吴忠市(0.43)、中卫市(0.33)和固原市(0.32);生态环境质量得分最高的是石嘴山,银川市的社会环境、人文环境和经济环境质量均最佳,中卫市和固原市的4大系统层指标质量得分均较低.5市人居环境内部各组分的协调程度均较好,其中,吴忠市、固原市、中卫市均达到良好协调,银川市和石嘴山市为一般协调.不同城市间同一系统层指标的协调度均较低,城市间的社会环境建设失调,其余也均为勉强协调.宁夏城市的人居环境质量总体不容乐观,城市间的协调度亟待提高.宁夏城市人居环境的建设需要加快发展弱势指标,统筹协调城市内部和城市间全方面的发展,以此为宁夏的城市化建设和城市可持续发展提供有力保证.

As one of the key indicators of the urbanization and the sustainable development of cities, urban human settlement quality has been a hot issue. In this paper, an evaluation system containing indicators related to four aspects （ecological, social, humanities and economic environments） was established to assess the urban human settlement quality in five main cities in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Northwest China. After calculating each indicator’s weight in the evaluation system through AHP and the entropy method, the quality of urban human settlement was analyzed. Results showed that Yinchuan had a score of 0.85 for the quality of human settlement, Shizuishan 0.62, Wuzhong 0.43, Zhongwei 0.33, and Guyuan 0.32, respectively. Shizuishan got the highest score in the ecoenvironment aspect, and Yinchuan had the highest scores for social, humanities and economic environments. Zhongwei and Guyuan had relatively low scores in all the four urban human settlement aspects. Coordination analysis showed that internal coordination was moderate for Yinchuan （0.79） and Shizuishan （0.72） , and relatively good for the other cities. However, coordination was relatively poor among the five cities, especially in social environment （0.48）. These results suggested that an unsatisfied situation existed in terms of the urban human settlement quality in Ningxia, and that corresponding measures should be taken to accelerate the development of vulnerable indicators, so as to coordinate all the urban human settlement aspects within and among cities.