支付意愿引导技术:支付卡式、单边界二分式和双边界二分式的比较——以三江平原生态旅游水资源的非使用价值为例

WTP guidance technology:A comparison of payment card,single-bounded and doublebounded dichotomous formats for evaluating non-use values of Sanjiang Plain ecotourism water resources

条件价值评估法(CVM)是评估资源、环境物品及服务价值最广泛的方法.支付意愿(WTP)的引导技术是CVM研究的重要手段.对WTP引导技术的研究是提高CVM评价可靠性和有效性的重要途径.本文以三江平原生态旅游水资源的非使用价值为评价对象,分别运用支付卡式、单边界二分式和双边界二分式3种WTP引导技术对其进行综合评价,并对3种引导方式进行对比分析.结果表明:支付卡式、单边界二分式及双边界二分式中的社会经济属性对支付意愿的影响关系一致,其中,变量投标值、年龄、受教育程度、年收入以及关心程度对支付意愿的影响显著,变量性别和职业对支付意愿的影响不显著.支付卡式的WTP为每人112.46元,其次是单边界二分式(136.15元),双边界二分式问卷的WTP为每人168.74元.综合考虑调查对象的性质、调查成本以及统计技术等,双边界二分式的结果(47.86×108元·a-1)最符合实际,可作为三江平原生态旅游水资源的非使用经济价值.不同WTP引导方式对支付意愿的影响很大,为提高问卷有效性,合理选择调查问卷类型至关重要.

Contingent valuation method （CVM） is the most widespread method to assess resources and value of environmental goods and services. The guidance technology of willingness to pay （WTP） is an important means of CVM. Therefore, the study on the WTP guidance technology is an important approach to improve the reliability and validity of CVM. This article conducted comprehensive evaluation on nonuse value of ecotourism water resources in Sanjiang Plain by using payment card, singlebound dichotomous choice and doublebound dichotomous choice. Results showed that the socioeconomic attributes were consistent with the willingness to pay in the three formats, and the tender value, age, educational level, annual income and the concern level had significant effect on the willingness to pay, while gender and job did not have significant influence. The WTP value was 112.46 yuan per capita with the payment card, 136.15 with the singlebound dichotomous choice, and 168.74 with the doublebound dichotomous choice. Comprehensive consideration of the nature of the investigation, investigation costs and statistical techniques, the result of doublebound dichotomous choice （47.86×108 yuan·a-1） was best in accordance with the reality, and could be used as nonuse value of ecotourism water resources in Sanjiang Plain. The format of questionnaire was very important to improve its validity, and made a great influence on the WTP.