灌水量和气温对玉米生物耗水及产量的影响

Effects of Irrigation Amount and Temperature on Water Consumption and Yield of Maize

为了掌握玉米适宜灌水量,以石羊河流域武威荒漠生态和农业气象试验站为试验地点,按照常规灌水方式设计玉米全生育期灌水量3 750 m3·hm-2、4 500 m3·hm-2、5 250 m3·hm-2、6 000 m3·hm-24种处理,并按1∶1.5∶1∶1比例分4次灌溉,采用水量平衡法计算玉米不同生育阶段的耗水量,分析研究不同灌水处理对玉米产量的影响。结果表明:在相同气候年景下,不同灌水条件对玉米发育期影响不明显;在玉米生物耗水过程中,气温升高耗水量增加,气温升高1℃,耗水量增加124mm;玉米全生育期耗水量呈抛物线变化,峰值出现在拔节至抽雄期间,此期间也正是耗水量影响玉米产量最敏感的时期,期间耗水量每增加1 mm,玉米产量增加0.33 kg·hm-2;不同灌水处理情景下,水分利用率以灌水量为5 250 m3·hm-2最高,可达34.7 kg·hm-2·mm-1,故该灌水量可视为当地适宜灌水量。

In order to grasp the suitable irrigation amount of maize,the desert ecological and agricultural meteorological experimenta-tion station of Wuwei in the Shiyang river basin was chosen as the test site,and the 4 kinds of irrigation amount were designed as 3 750 m3 ·hm-2 ,4 500 m3 ·hm-2 ,5 250 m3 ·hm-2 and 6 000 m3 ·hm-2 in the whole growing period of maize according to conventional irrigation method,with separate irrigation at a ratio of 1：1 .5：1：1 for each of them,firstly.Then,the water consumption amounts were calculated respectively by using water balance method in different stage of maize,and the influence with different irrigation processing on yield of maize was analyzed.The results showed that there was not a significant effect with different irrigation amount on growth peri-od of maize under the same climatic conditions.The change of water consumption amount of maize during growing period presented an upward parabola curve,and its peak appeared from jointing stage to tasseling stage.The maize yield was the most sensitive to water consumption amount from jointing stage to tasseling stage,and when water consumption amount increased 1 mm,the maize yield would increase 0.33 kg·hm-2 .In additional,the amount increased with temperature rising in the process of maize water consumption,and a rise of 1 ℃in temperature would increase water consumption amount by about 124 mm.Among these different treatments,the water use efficiency of irrigation amount with 5 250 m3 ·hm-2 was the highest,which was up to 34.7 kg·hm-2 · mm-1 .Therefore,this irrigation amount can be considered as the local suitable irrigation amount.