国际宪政视域下联合国制衡机制研究

A Study on the Check and Balance Mechanism of the United Nations From the Perspective of International Constitutionalism

联合国本应在国际事务中扮演重要角色,但实际作用发挥得并不理想。究其原因,在于联合国内外部制衡机制的缺失,特别是以联合国大会、安理会和国际法院为代表的三权失衡。从国际宪政的视角看,联合国应以《联合国宪章》为基础,增强联合国大会的效力,规范安理会的权力及其运作,发挥国际法院在国际纠纷中的裁判功能。同时,在与联合国的关系中,国家的主权应受到一定限制,公民个人的权利在特定情况下应受到联合国的保护。

The United Nations is expected to play an important role in international affairs, but its functioning is far from satisfactory. This is due to an absence of check and balance mechanism both in and out of the United Nations, especially the imbalance among the General Assembly, the Security Council and the International Court of Justice. From the perspective of international constitutionalism, the United Nations should, based on the UN Charter, enhance the effectiveness of the General Assembly, specify the power and operation of its Security Council, give scope to the International Court of Justice in international dispute At the same time, in the relationship with the United Nations, national sovereignty should be subject to certain restrictions and individual rights of citizens shall be protected by the United Nations under certain circumstances.