胆碱能性荨麻疹流行病学及病因学的研究进展

Epidemiology and etiology of cholinergic urticaria

胆碱能性荨麻疹的典型临床特征为体温升高并有全身或局部出现瘙痒性星状风团.该病影响患者生活质量,发病机制尚不完全明确.首先对历年来不同国家不同地区的流行病学相关调查结果进行分析,发现该病发病率年轻化,实际发病率高于数据统计结果.阐述该病病因及发病机制的研究进展,重点关注汗液过敏学说与排汗异常学说,得出汗液超敏反应、汗管阻塞、排汗不畅、汗液分泌过多、毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体3等与该病的发生密切相关.

Cholinergic urticaria （ChU）,a rare condition clinically characterized by locally or generally distributed,highly pruritic starlike wheals occurring after an increase in body core temperature,negatively influences patients＆#39; quality of life.The pathogenesis of ChU remains unclear.The authors summarize the results of epidemiological studies on ChU in different countries over the years,which suggest that this entity has occurred more and more frequently in young people,and the actual incidence rate of ChU is higher than reported.It is considered that sweat hypersensitivity,sweat duct obstruction,poor perspiration,excessive secretion of sweat,and M3 muscarinic cholinergic receptor are closely associated with the occurrence of ChU.This paper reviews advances in the etiology and pathogenesis of ChU with a focus on the theories of sweat allergy and sweating abnormality.