湖南农村空巢老年人生活质量及其影响因素

Research on quality of life and influencing factors for the empty-nester elderly in rural area in Hunan

目的 了解湖南农村空巢老年人的生活质量及其影响因素,为采取有效的干预措施提供科学依据. 方法 2011年6-12月采用整群抽样的方法在湖南省随机抽取益阳和怀化市的两个乡镇作为研究现场,以世界卫生组织生活质量测定量表（WHOQOL-BREF）为基础对农村空巢老年人进行面对面访谈收集资料,采用多元线性回归分析农村空巢老年人生活质量的影响因素. 结果 共获有效问卷785份,其中空巢老年人472例,所占比例为60.1％,男性250例,女性222例,平均年龄（69.3±7.3）岁;81.8％的空巢老年人文化水平在初中以下,69.7％的老年人已婚且配偶健在,职业为农民的空巢老年人占74.4％,75.2％的空巢老年人个人月收入＜500元/月,56.4％经济来源是自己劳动所得,69.9％认为自己与子女关系融洽,303例（64.2％）空巢老年人在最近1年内患有慢性疾病,79例（16.7％）空巢老年人在最近1年内遭受过意外伤害.农村空巢老年人生理健康、心理健康和生活质量平均得分分别为（60.8±15.7）分、（59.0±12.1）分、（59.5±9.8）分,低于非空巢老年人（64.6±17.4）分、（63.1±13.5）分、（63.0±10.1）分（t-3.18、4.43、4.91,均P＜0.05）.多元线性同归分析结果显示,文化程度越高、与子女关系越融洽、已婚且原配健在、主要经济来源为子女给予或退休金、近1年内未患有慢性病和无意外伤害者,其生活质量得分越高（β-1.693、2.426、0.779、1.060、-7.007、-3.784,均P＜0.05）. 结论 农村一半以上的老年人为空巢老年人,空巢老年人生理健康、心理健康、生活质量均处于较低水平;要提高空巢老年人生活质量,实现健康老龄化,应从提高老年人健康意识和知识、融洽老年人与配偶和子女的关系、完善老年人社会保障制度和医疗保障体系、积极开展慢性病和意外伤害的宣传几方面入手.

Objective To study the life quality and influencing factors for empty nester elderly in rural area in Hunan,and to provide the scientific basis for the effective interventions.Methods The two villages of Yiyang and Huaihua were randomly selected by cluster sampling from June 2011 to December 2011 in Hunan.Data of the world health organizations quality of life instrument-short version （WHOQOL-BREF） was collected by face to face interview with the empty nesters.The risk factors for the quality of life in empty nester elderly in rural area were analyzed by the multiple linear regression analysis.Results A total of 785 valid questionnaires were acquired,among which 472 cases were from empty nester elderly （60.1％,472/785）,the average age of them was （69.3±7.3） years,and the male：female ratio was 1.1：1 （250：222）.The literacy of 81.8％ of empty nester elderly were under junior middle school,69.7％ of them married with consorts who were still living,74.4％ of them were farmer,75.2％ of them had monthly income under 500 Yuan,56.4％ of them got the income from their own labor,69.9％ of them considered that their relationship with children were harmony.64.2 ％ of empty nester elderly in village suffered from chronic diseases and 16.7 ％ of them suffered from accidental injury within the last one year.The scores in physiological health,psychological health and quality of life were lower in empty nester elderly than in the non-empty nester elderly [（60.8±15.7） vs.（63.1±13.5）,（59.0±12.1） w （64.6±17.4）,（59.5±9.8） vs.（63.0 ± 10.1）,t=3.18,4.43,4.91,all P＜0.05].The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the influencing factors for quality of life in empty nester elderly were education background,marital status,source of finance,relationship with children,chronic disease and accidental injury within the last one year （β=1.693,2.426,0.779,1.060,-7.007,-3.784,all P＜0.05）.Conclusions The empty-nest elderly accounts for more than half of the elderly in rural area,who have the lower levels in physio-psychological health and quality of life.We should improve their awareness and knowledge of health,build their harmonious relationship with spouse and children,improve the social security and medical insurance system,actively promote the knowledge of chronic disease and accidental injury,in order to improve the quality of life in empty nester elderly and achieve the healthy aging.