电子废弃物拆解地水体多溴联苯醚分布特征

Distribution characteristics of PBDEs in surface and ground waters of electronic waste dismantling sites and surrounding area

为了解和比较广东贵屿电子废弃物拆解地和珠三角城市地区水体中多溴联苯醚的种类、含量及分布特征,于2011年9月在广东贵屿周边地区和广州采集了20个地下水、7个地表水和4个珠江水,用反相C18萃取小柱提取净化后,利用气相色谱-质谱法测定了样品中的8种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)。研究结果表明:贵屿地区地下水中PBDEs浓度总体上较高,总质量浓度范围为2.54~71.74 ng·L-1,平均为22.97 ng·L-1,各类PBDEs的检出率为25%~95%。三溴联苯醚(BDE28)、四溴联苯醚(BDE47)、五溴联苯醚(BDE99和BDE100之和)、六溴联苯醚(BDE153和BDE154之和)、七溴联苯醚(BDE183)和十溴联苯醚(BDE209)的质量浓度分布分别为nd^0.64、nd^18.43、nd^25.26、nd^13.92、nd^9.06和nd^15.60 ng·L-1。从物种上来看,分别源于四溴、五溴和十溴联苯醚产品的BDE47、BDE99和BDE209是贵屿地区地下水样中的优势同系物。通过比率P=(BDE47+BDE99)/BDE209研究发现:低溴代联苯醚比高溴代联苯醚更易被地表径流迁移转换进入到地下水中。贵屿地区地表水中PBDEs的质量浓度范围为3.41~63.83 ng·L-1,平均总质量浓度为19.38 ng·L-1,稍低于当地地下水中PBDEs的平均总质量浓度,PBDEs的组成以高溴代的BDE209为特征,与世界其他水体研究结果相比,可以发现贵屿地区的地表水中PBDEs的平均总质量浓度明显偏高,说明该地区的地表水受到较严重的PBDEs污染,必须引起足够的重视。珠江水中PBDEs的总质量浓度范围为3.48~20.84 ng·L-1,平均为10.39 ng·L-1,表明近年来珠江水体中PBDEs污染有逐渐恶化的趋势。

surrounding area in Guiyu, Guangdong Province and four river water samples from the Pearl River were collected in September of 2011 in order to investigate and compare the congener species, contamination levels and distribution characteristics of polybrominated diphenyl ether （PBDEs） in electronic waste dismantling areas and the urban area of the Pearl River Delta. After extraction on a reversed C18 column, eight polybrominated diphenyl ether （PBDEs） congeners were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that PBDEs in Guiyu groundwater were generally at a high level with the total PBDEs （∑PBDEs, sum of 8 BDE congeners, i.e., BDE 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183, and 209） concentrations in the range of 2.54-71.74 ng·L-1 and the geometric mean level of 22.97 ng·L-1. The detection rates for different PBDE congeners were 25%-95%.The concentrations of tri-BDE （BDE28）, tetra-BDE（BDE47）, penta-BDEs （BDE99 and BDE100）, haxa-BDEs （BDE153 and BDE154）, hepta-BDE （BDE183）, and octa-BDE （BDE209） were nd-0.64, nd-18.43, nd-25.26, nd-13.92, nd-9.06, and nd-15.60 ng·L-1, respectively. Tetra-BDE, penta-BDEs, and octa-BDE were the prevailant homologues in Guiyu groundwater. The ratio of （BDE47＋BDE99）/BDE209 provide us a hint that low brominated diphenyl ethers were more prone to migrate into underground water by surface runoff than high brominated diphenyl ethers.∑PBDEs in surface water from Guiyu region ranged from 3.41 to 63.83 ng·L-1 with a geometric mean of 19.38 ng·L-1, a little lower than that in underground water. BDE209 was the main PBDEs congener in surface water in Guiyu area. Compared with reportes on PBDEs levels in water environment in the world, the average PBDE concentration in surface waters of Guiyu area was relatively high, indicating a severe PBDEs contamination status which needs to be concerened with. In addition,∑PBDEs in river water from Pearl River was in the range of 3.48-20.84 ng·L-1 with the geometric mean level of 0.39 ng·L-1, showing that there was a deteriorating trend for the pollution of PBDEs in the Pearl River.